. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021 Feb 1;147(4):1393–1401.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.650

TABLE I.

Characteristics of subjects in the major cohorts

Clinical and immune characteristic	Ecuador (n = 599)	Kenya (n = 254)	USA
Clinical and immune characteristic	Ecuador (n = 599)	Kenya (n = 254)	α-Gal syndrome (n = 42)	Controls (n = 63)
Age (y), median (range)^*	11 (6–19)	11 (8–15)^†	12 (5–15)	8 (4–18)
Sex: male, n (%)^‡	337 (56)	130 (51)^†	31 (74)	28 (44)^†
Recurrent wheeze/asthma, n (%)^‡	170 (29)	19 (7)^†	8 (19)	25 (40)^†
Consume beef ≥1X per week, n (%)	524 (87.5)	NA	NA^§	NA
Total IgE, (IU/mL), GM (95% CI)^‖	450 (404–502)^¶	330 (261–418)^†	146 (104–204)	90 (58–140)
α-Gal sIgE, n > 0.35 (%)^‡	194 (32)^¶	137 (54)^¶	42 (100)	16 (25)^¶
α-Gal sIgE (IU/mL), GM (95% CI)^‖	1.8 (1.5–2.1)^¶	3.3 (2.7–4.1)^¶	9.1 (6.1–13.5)	2.0 (1.1–3.6)^¶
α-Gal sIgE as % of total, GM (95% CI)^‖	0.2 (0.1–0.2)^¶	0.4 (0.3–0.5)^¶	6.2 (4.5–8.6)	1.8 (0.8–3.9)^†

GM, Geometric mean.

Student t test, compared with AGS.

^†

P value in relation to AGS < .05.

^‡

Fisher exact test, compared with AGS.

^§

Most of these children were not consuming mammalian meat, but detailed dietary history was not available

^‖

Mann-Whitney U test, compared with AGS.

^¶

P value in relation to α-Gal syndrome < .001.