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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 16.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Methods. 2020 Jul 16;26(2):255–271. doi: 10.1037/met0000299

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Interventional (in)direct effects – depicted in the general case with an intermediate confounder

Figure note: An equivalent representation of Y(a, M(a′|C)) is Y(a, L(a), M(a′|C)).