Table 2.
Daily biomarker levels from cord blood at birth to day 5 of life in VLBW neonates with FGR vs without FGR, given as geometric mean (95% confidence interval), adjusted for gestational age. Interaction p-values indicate whether changes in biomarkers differ between groups based on day of sampling from repeated measures analysis.
| Biomarker | VLBW FGR N= 107 neonates | VLBW non-FGR N= 379 neonates | Interaction P-value | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-6 | <0.001* | |||
| Cord Blood | 5.6 (3.4–9.3), n=98 | 14.7 (11.3–19.1), n=338 | 0.001* | |
| Day 1 | 14.4 (7.4–27.9), n=55 | 12.1 (8.7–16.7), n=211 | 0.64 | |
| Day 2 | 27.5 (16.8–45.1), n=70 | 15.2 (11.8–19.5), n=248 | 0.041 | |
| Day 3 | 17.3 (11.0–27.2), n=61 | 8.9 (7.2–11.1), n=244 | 0.012 | |
| Day 4 | 8.6 (6.2–11.8), n=64 | 4.8 (4.1–5.6), n=228 | 0.002* | |
| Day 5 | 5.2 (4.1–6.6), n=71 | 3.5 (3.1–3.9), n=219 | 0.004* | |
| IL-8 | 0.001* | |||
| Cord Blood | 111.5 (80.8–154.0), n=98 | 81.9 (69.3–96.7), n=338 | 0.10 | |
| Day 1 | 173.2 (118.6–253.0), n=55 | 95.8 (79.4–115.5), n=211 | 0.007 | |
| Day 2 | 277.4 (210.1–366.2), n=70 | 132.0 (114.6–152.0), n=248 | <0.001* | |
| Day 3 | 251.0 (182.9–344.3), n=61 | 123.2 (106.0–143.2), n=244 | <0.001* | |
| Day 4 | 178.7 (138.1–231.0), n=64 | 102.2 (89.7–116.4), n=228 | <0.001* | |
| Day 5 | 111.5 (88.5–140.4), n=71 | 85.3 (75.2–96.6), n=219 | 0.052 | |
| IL-10 | <0.001* | |||
| Cord Blood | 2.4 (1.6–3.6), n=98 | 2.7 (2.2–3.4), n=338 | 0.52 | |
| Day 1 | 4.5 (2.7–7.5), n=55 | 2.4 (1.8–3.0), n=211 | 0.025 | |
| Day 2 | 4.5 (2.9–7.2), n=70 | 1.6 (1.3–2.0), n=247 | <0.001* | |
| Day 3 | 2.0 (1.2–3.3), n=61 | 0.77 (0.61–0.98), n=243 | 0.001* | |
| Day 4 | 0.82 (0.52–1.30), n=64 | 0.39 (0.31–0.49), n=227 | 0.005* | |
| Day 5 | 0.41 (0.27–0.63), n=71 | 0.35 (0.28–0.44), n=219 | 0.50 | |
| BDNF | 0.38 | |||
| Cord Blood | 447.5 (340.5–588.2), n=98 | 534.5 (464.1–615.7), n=338 | 0.27 | |
| Day 1 | 740.4 (543.4–1008.8), n=55 | 856.6 (735.2–998.1), n=211 | 0.41 | |
| Day 2 | 826.5 (632.5–1080.1), n=70 | 855.4 (746.7–979.9), n=248 | 0.84 | |
| Day 3 | 663.1 (519.4–846.4), n=61 | 772.0 (687.3–867.0), n=244 | 0.28 | |
| Day 4 | 784.1 (617.0–996.4), n=64 | 788.6 (698.5–890.4), n=228 | 0.97 | |
| Day 5 | 801.3 (635.5–1010.4), n=71 | 851.1 (750.5–965.2), n=219 | 0.66 | |
| VEGF | <0.001* | |||
| Cord Blood | 3.8 (2.16–6.8), n=98 | 16.6 (12.3–22.3), n=337 | <0.001* | |
| Day 1 | 3.3 (1.5–7.2), n=55 | 41.9 (28.5–61.5), n=211 | <0.001* | |
| Day 2 | 12.6 (6.2–25.5), n=70 | 89.6 (62.5–128.4), n=247 | <0.001* | |
| Day 3 | 59.1 (35.9–97.3), n=60 | 199.216 (157.5–252.0), n=244 | <0.001* | |
| Day 4 | 132.7 (101.6–173.2), n=64 | 299.701 (261.8–343.1), n=228 | <0.001* | |
| Day 5 | 146.5 (116.0–185.0), n=71 | 328.114 (289.1–372.4), n=219 | <0.001* | |
| GFAP | 0.19 | |||
| Cord Blood | 0.094 (0.066–0.134), n=99 | 0.088 (0.074–0.106), n=343 | 0.78 | |
| Day 1 | 0.086 (0.053–0.139), n=56 | 0.086 (0.068–0.108), n=221 | 0.99 | |
| Day 2 | 0.094 (0.060–0.147), n=70 | 0.076 (0.061–0.095), n=253 | 0.41 | |
| Day 3 | 0.099 (0.061–0.161), n=62 | 0.073 (0.058–0.092), n=253 | 0.28 | |
| Day 4 | 0.106 (0.065–0.173), n=71 | 0.078 (0.061–0.101), n=235 | 0.30 | |
| Day 5 | 0.110 (0.069–0.177), n=71 | 0.085 (0.066–0.110), n=227 | 0.36 | |
| NRGN | 0.31 | |||
| Cord Blood | 0.016 (0.011–0.023), n=99 | 0.023 (0.019–0.028), n=343 | 0.11 | |
| Day 1 | 0.017 (0.010–0.029), n=56 | 0.021 (0.017–0.027), n=221 | 0.48 | |
| Day 2 | 0.014 (0.009–0.022), n=70 | 0.013 (0.011–0.017), n=253 | 0.84 | |
| Day 3 | 0.015 (0.009–0.024), n=62 | 0.014 (0.011–0.017), n=253 | 0.66 | |
| Day 4 | 0.016 (0.010–0.026), n=71 | 0.014 (0.011–0.018), n=235 | 0.56 | |
| Day 5 | 0.019 (0.012–0.031), n=71 | 0.015 (0.011–0.019), n=227 | 0.32 | |
| Tau | 0.031 | |||
| Cord Blood | 650.1 (365.7–1155.5), n=26 | 262.3 (206.2–333.5), n=134 | 0.005* | |
| Day 1 | 462.0 (189.5–1126.6), n=10 | 255.5 (185.8–351.3), n=74 | 0.22 | |
| Day 2 | 512.0 (305.3–858.6), n=20 | 348.0 (275.4–439.7), n=90 | 0.19 | |
| Day 3 | 622.2 (310.7–1245.9), n=20 | 247.2 (182.7–334.6), n=93 | 0.02 | |
| Day 4 | 443.3 (232.2–846.5), n=19 | 263.3 (198.1–350.0), n=89 | 0.16 | |
| Day 5 | 337.5 (170.9–666.6), n=19 | 239.5 (174.6–328.7), n=81 | 0.38 |
*
Indicates p ≤ 0.00625
IL = interleukin
BDNF = brain derived neurotrophic factor
VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor
GFAP = glial fibrillary acidic protein
NRGN = neurogranin