Table 3.
Bivariate analysis of maternal and neonatal variables for VLBW FGR neonates with brain injury vs without brain injury given as median (interquartile range) or number (percent).
| VLBW FGR with brain injury N=11 | VLBW FGR without brain injury N=96 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age | 35.0 (25.0, 37.0) | 28.0 (22.0, 33.0) | 0.046* |
| Gravida | 2 (1, 4) | 2 (1, 4) | 0.75 |
| Parity | 0 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 1.5) | 0.87 |
| Gestational age | 28.4 (27.0, 31.1) | 30.2 (27.4, 32.1) | 0.16 |
| Race | 0.35 | ||
| White | 5 (45%) | 30 (31%) | |
| Black | 5 (45%) | 60 (63%) | |
| Hispanic | 1 (9%) | 2 (2%) | |
| Asian | 0 (0%) | 4 (4%) | |
| Other | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Cesarean delivery | 11 (100%) | 81 (84%) | 0.16 |
| Preeclampsia | 8 (73%) | 73 (76%) | 0.81 |
| Oligohydramnios | 5 (45%) | 29 (30%) | 0.30 |
| PPROM | 1 (9%) | 4 (4%) | 0.46 |
| Abruption | 3 (27%) | 5 (5%) | 0.008* |
| Meconium | 1 (9%) | 4 (4%) | 0.46 |
| Clinical chorioamnionitis | 1 (9%) | 2 (2%) | 0.18 |
| Histologic chorioamnionitis | 1 (10%) | 3 (3%) | 0.28 |
| Histologic funisitis | 4 (40%) | 40 (42%) | 0.75 |
| Histologic placental infarcts | 4 (40%) | 40 (42%) | 0.92 |
| Birth weight (grams) | 760 (570, 860) | 995 (675, 1235) | 0.082 |
| Male gender | 5 (45%) | 54 (56%) | 0.50 |
| Nonreassuring fetal heart rate | 6 (55%) | 38 (40%) | 0.34 |
| 1 min Apgar <7 | 11 (100%) | 64 (67%) | 0.022* |
| 5 min Apgar <7 | 8 (73%) | 31 (32%) | 0.008* |
| Arterial cord pH | 7.1 (7.0, 7.2) | 7.2 (7.2, 7.3) | 0.13 |
| Arterial cord base deficit (mM) | 6.5 (6.0–13.5) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 0.034* |
| Initial neonatal WBC count (k/mm3) | 5.2 (4.2, 13.0) | 5.7 (3.9, 7.8) | 0.58 |
| Initial neonatal hematocrit (%) | 41.3 (35.3, 47.2) | 46.6 (40.3, 52.1) | 0.052 |
| Initial neonatal platelet count (k/mm3) | 127.0 (95.0, 140.0) | 138.0 (92.0, 187.0) | 0.42 |
| Initial nucleated RBC (count/100 WBC) | 1.7 (0.52, 2.5) | 2.6 (1.0, 8.5) | 0.003* |
| Respiratory distress | 10 (91%) | 72 (75%) | 0.24 |
| Blood infection | 5 (45%) | 10 (10%) | 0.002* |
| CSF Infection | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0.73 |
| Seizures | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | -- |
| Death | 4 (36%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001* |
| PWMI | 5 (45%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001* |
| IVH | 6 (55%) | 20 (21%) | 0.014* |
| Severe IVH (Grades 3 and 4) | 4 (36%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001* |
*
Indicates p ≤ 0.05
PPROM = preterm premature rupture of membranes
WBC = white blood cell
RBC = red blood cell
PWMI = periventricular white matter injury
IVH = intraventricular hemorrhage