Table 4.

Repeated measures analysis of each biomarker from cord blood through day 5 of life in VLBW FGR neonates with brain injury vs without brain injury, given as geometric mean (95% confidence interval).

Biomarker	VLBW FGR with brain injury N=11	VLBW FGR without brain injury N=96	P-value
IL-6 (pg/mL)	24.0 (11.2–51.5), n=10	6.2 (4.8–8.0), n=96	0.001*
IL-8 (pg/mL)	287.9 (174.2–475.7), n=10	125.9 (106.2–149.2), n=96	0.002*
IL-10 (pg/mL)	3.4 (1.6 –7.5), n=10	1.0 (0.80–1.3), n=96	0.004*
BDNF (pg/mL)	932.6 (581.6–1495.3), n=10	772.8 (659.6–905.5), n=96	0.46
VEGF (pg/mL)	10.5 (2.9 –38.0), n=10	30.1 (19.7–46.1), n=96	0.128
GFAP (ng/mL)	0.250 (0.098–0.637), n=11	0.063 (0.046–0.087), n=96	0.006*
NRGN (ng/mL)	0.011 (0.004–0.031), n=11	0.018 (0.013–0.025), n=96	0.41
Tau (pg/mL)	725.8 (379.5–1388.4), n=8	341.0 (224.8–517.3), n=20	0.055

^*Indicates p ≤ 0.00625

IL = interleukin

BDNF = brain derived neurotrophic factor

VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor

GFAP = glial fibrillary acidic protein

NRGN = neurogranin