Table 1.
Descriptive Analysis of Sample Characteristics by ENDS Device Types among Past 12-month Cigarette and ENDS users
| ENDS Device Types | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disposable ENDS | Non-Refillable Cartridge ENDS | Refillable Cartridge ENDS | Refillable Tank System ENDS | Refillable Mod System ENDS | Unknown | ||
| unweighted N= 530 (10.4%) | unweighted N= 370 (8.1%) | unweighted N= 162 (3.5%) | unweighted N= 1908 (38.5%) | unweighted N= 284 (4.9%) | unweighted N= 1698 (34.6%) | ||
| Characteristics | Weighted Column% (95% CI) | Weighted Column% (95% CI) | Weighted Column% (95% CI) | Weighted Column% (95% CI) | Weighted Column% (95% CI) | Weighted Column% (95% CI) | p value* |
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age group | |||||||
| 18–24 | 27.8 (23.8 – 31.8) | 10.3 (7.3 – 13.8) | 21.5 (15.1 – 29.1) | 28.7 (26.5 – 30.9) | 47.3 (39.1 – 55.4) | 25.9 (23.4 – 28.4) | <.0001 |
| 25+ | 72.2 (68.2 – 76.3) | 89.8 (86.2 – 92.7) | 78.5 (70.9 – 84.9) | 71.3 (69.1 – 73.6) | 52.7 (44.6 – 60.9) | 74.1 (71.6 – 76.6) | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 52.9 (48.8 – 57.0) | 46.7 (41.2 – 52.1) | 46.1 (37.9 – 54.3) | 58.9 (56.5 – 61.4) | 56.2 (48.9 – 63.5) | 53.5 (50.9 – 56.1) | 0.0004 |
| Female | 47.1 (43.0 – 51.2) | 53.4 (47.9 – 58.8) | 53.9 (45.7 – 62.1) | 41.1 (38.6 – 43.6) | 43.8 (36.5 – 51.1) | 46.5 (43.9 – 49.2) | |
| Race | |||||||
| White alone | 68.7 (63.7 – 73.7) | 84.8 (80.7 – 88.4) | 83.2 (75.6 – 89.2) | 82.3 (79.7 – 84.7) | 75.4 (68.7 – 81.4) | 76.1 (73.4 – 78.6) | <.0001 |
| Black alone | 21.3 (17.2 – 26.0) | 6.9 (4.4 −10.3) | 14.0 (8.4 – 21.4) | 8.0 (6.3 – 9.9) | 12.7 (8.3 – 18.2) | 13.8 (11.9 – 16.0) | |
| Other | 10.0 (6.9 – 13.8) | 8.3 (5.5 – 11.9) | 2.8 (0.8 – 6.8) | 9.7 (8.1 – 11.4) | 11.9 (7.4 – 17.8) | 10.1 (8.5 – 11.9) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| Hispanic | 19.3 (15.9 – 23.1) | 7.7 (5.1 – 10.9) | 17.6 (10.5 – 26.9) | 11.6 (10.2 – 13.2) | 22.6 (17.2 – 28.9) | 16.3 (14.0 – 18.8) | <.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic | 80.7 (76.9 – 84.1) | 92.4 (89.1 – 94.9) | 82.4 (73.1 – 89.5) | 88.4 (86.8 – 89.8) | 77.4 (71.1 – 82.9) | 83.7 (81.2 – 86.0) | |
| Income | |||||||
| Less than $10,000 | 28.3 (24.0 – 32.6) | 18.7 (14.4 – 23.7) | 18.8 (11.9 – 27.3) | 16.1 (14.0 – 18.3) | 28.0 (21.5 – 34.5) | 20.7 (18.8 – 22.8) | <.0001 |
| $10,000 to $24,999 | 23.2 (19.1 – 27.8) | 24.0 (19.7 – 28.9) | 28.7 (19.7 – 37.7) | 24.9 (22.9 – 27.0) | 22.4 (17.0 – 28.5) | 25.5 (22.9 – 28.2) | |
| $25,000 to $49,999 | 23.5 (19.6 – 27.8) | 24.1 (18.5 – 30.4) | 27.4 (19.4 – 35.3) | 27.6 (24.8 – 30.5) | 25.1 (18.8 – 31.4) | 24.5 (21.9 – 27.3) | |
| $50,000 to $99,999 | 16.6 (13.1 – 20.5) | 21.6 (16.6 – 27.3) | 15.7 (10.3 – 22.4) | 21.2 (18.6 – 24.1) | 16.3 (10.9 – 23.1) | 21.2 (18.6 – 24.1) | |
| $100,000 or more | 8.4 (6.1 – 11.3) | 11.6 (7.3 – 17.2) | 9.5 (5.3 – 15.5) | 10.2 (8.3 – 12.4) | 8.3 (4.9 – 12.9) | 8.0 (6.5 – 9.8) | |
| ENDS user characteristics | |||||||
| ENDS used most of the time contain nicotine | |||||||
| Yes | 45.2 (40.3 – 50.0) | 90.3 (86.5 – 93.3) | 85.1 (76.6 – 91.4) | 86.8 (84.7 – 88.7) | 74.8 (69.0 – 80.7) | 75.0 (69.9 – 80.1) | <.0001 |
| No | 54.8 (50.0 – 59.7) | 9.7 (6.7 – 13.5) | 14.9 (8.6 – 23.4) | 13.2 (11.4 – 15.3) | 25.2 (19.3 – 31.0) | 25.0 (19.9 – 30.1) | |
| Self-reported concentration level of nicotine usually used | |||||||
| I don’t know the concentration | 75.5 (68.3 – 81.8) | 62.4 (56.6 – 68.2) | 57.9 (49.1 – 66.8) | 21.3 (18.6 – 24.3) | 40.0 (32.2 – 47.8) | 64.5 (56.2 – 72.7) | <.0001 |
| 0 mg or 0.0% | 0.6 (0.0 – 3.4) | 0.2 (0.0 – 1.4) | 0.9 (0.0 – 4.4) | 0.4 (0.1 – 0.8) | 0.6 (0.0 – 3.0) | 1.1 (0.2 – 3.5) | |
| 1 – 12 mg or 0.1 – 1.2% | 15.1 (10.5 – 20.7) | 18.4 (13.4 – 24.4) | 21.2 (14.0 – 30.1) | 50.3 (47.1 – 53.5) | 46.1 (38.8 – 53.4) | 20.3 (14.4 – 27.3) | |
| 13 – 17 mg or 1.3 – 1.7% | 4.2 (1.6 – 8.7) | 6.8 (3.7 – 11.3) | 12.4 (6.3 – 21.2) | 10.7 (8.9 – 12.6) | 4.9 (2.3 – 8.8) | 6.7 (3.2 – 12.2) | |
| 18 – 24 mg or 1.8 – 2.4% | 3.6 (1.4 – 7.3) | 9.8 (6.7 – 13.6) | 6.6 (2.5 – 13.7) | 13.4 (11.6 – 15.3) | 6.3 (2.7 – 12.0) | 4.4 (1.8 – 8.7) | |
| 25+ mg or 2.5+% | 1.1 (0.2 – 3.6) | 2.5 (0.9 – 5.3) | 1.0 (0.0 – 5.3) | 4.0 (2.9 – 5.4) | 2.1 (0.4 – 6.2) | 3.1 (0.8 – 8.1) | |
| Reasons to use | |||||||
| Affordable | 40.3 (35.4 – 45.2) | 55.9 (49.7 – 62.2) | 51.9 (42.8 – 61.0) | 62.5 (60.1 – 65.0) | 53.8 (47.0 – 60.7) | 46.8 (39.8 – 53.8) | <.0001 |
| Use It at Times When or in Places Where Smoking Cigarettes Not Allowed | 55.3 (49.8 – 60.8) | 79.4 (74.0 – 84.2) | 72.9 (64.4 – 81.3) | 78.1 (75.5 – 80.5) | 70.1 (63.7 – 76.6) | 66.0 (59.8 – 72.3) | <.0001 |
| Might be Less Harmful Than Smoking Cigarettes | 54.1 (48.6 – 59.6) | 73.0 (68.1 – 77.9) | 74.7 (66.6 – 82.7) | 79.7 (77.4 – 81.8) | 68.7 (61.3 – 76.1) | 66.9 (60.1 – 73.6) | <.0001 |
| Might be Less Harmful to People Around Me Than Smoking Cigarettes | 60.2 (55.2 – 65.3) | 78.5 (73.9 – 82.6) | 72.9 (64.7 – 81.0) | 83.8 (81.4 – 85.9) | 70.0 (62.8 – 77.1) | 72.0 (65.1 – 78.8) | <.0001 |
| Comes in flavors I like | 54.5 (49.4 – 59.6) | 61.8 (55.2 – 68.3) | 74.4 (66.6 – 82.2) | 84.4 (82.0 – 86.7) | 81.0 (75.6 – 85.7) | 66.4 (59.6 – 73.3) | <.0001 |
| Helps people quit smoking cigarettes | 45.7 (40.3 – 51.1) | 60.1 (53.0 – 67.2) | 68.8 (59.8 – 77.8) | 74.3 (71.9 – 76.7) | 65.5 (58.5 – 72.5) | 63.2 (57.0 – 69.5) | <.0001 |
| Do not Smell | 55.0 (50.7 – 59.3) | 72.1 (67.1 – 77.1) | 63.7 (55.0 – 72.5) | 69.8 (67.3 – 72.4) | 62.1 (56.3 – 68.0) | 63.5 (57.5 – 69.4) | <.0001 |
| Feels Like Smoking a regular Cigarette | 34.0 (29.5 – 38.5) | 47.7 (42.1 – 53.4) | 40.3 (31.9 – 48.7) | 39.8 (37.1 – 42.4) | 35.3 (29.1 – 41.6) | 45.2 (38.6 – 51.7) | 0.0018 |
| More acceptable to non-tobacco users | 56.2 (51.2 – 61.3) | 72.1 (66.7 – 77.5) | 68.6 (59.3 – 77.8) | 74.2 (72.0 – 76.3) | 65.8 (58.4 – 73.2) | 66.3 (60.8 – 71.9) | <.0001 |
| As a Way of Cutting Down on Cigarette Smoking | 35.4 (30.6 – 40.1) | 59.8 (53.1 – 66.5) | 64.8 (55.0 – 74.7) | 75.4 (72.5 – 78.1) | 61.8 (52.8 – 70.7) | 59.4 (51.6 – 67.2) | <.0001 |
| As an Alternative to Quitting Tobacco Altogether | 28.5 (23.9 – 33.1) | 51.4 (44.3 – 58.6) | 53.8 (43.9 – 63.7) | 58.3 (55.5 – 61.2) | 42.4 (34.2 – 50.7) | 47.6 (40.1 – 55.1) | <.0001 |
| Nicotine dependence | |||||||
| Nicotine dependence (mean, 95% CI) | 45.2 (41.9 – 48.4) | 53.4 (49.7 – 57.1) | 44.8 (37.4 – 62.0) | 46.2 (44.3 – 48.1) | 40.0 (33.9 – 46.1) | 45.4 (43.2 – 47.6) | 0.005 |
Note. Table 1 incudes past 12-month cigarette smokers and ENDS users (N=4,952). Records with missing values for the given characteristic were not analyzed. The sum of unweighted N’s by each characteristics and each Device type is not always equivalent to the total N of the given Device Type.
ENDS=Electronic Nicotine Delivery System
*
Wald log-linear chi-square test was used for the test of independence or no association between device types and each characteristic