Curcumin and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition attenuate stroke-induced microglial pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, custom-made AAV vectors carrying shRNA targeting NLRP3 (NLRP3-shRNA) were used to silence the expression of NLRP3 for 14 days, followed by the operation of MCAO. Protein samples were extracted from the ipsilateral peri-infarct areas 21 days after stroke. In vitro, NLRP3 was knocked down with siRNA in primary microglia. Representative western blot of pyroptosis-associated proteins in vivo (a, b) and in vitro (j, k). Quantitative analysis of western blot data for NLRP3 (c, l), pro-caspase-1 (d, m), cleaved caspase-1 (e, n), GSDMD-FL (f, o), GSDMD-N (g, p), pro-IL-1β (h, q), IL-1β (i, r), pro-IL-18 (s), and IL-18 (t). Values are the mean ± SEM. In vivo, n = 5 mice per group, 1 band/mouse. In vitro, samples were collected from three independent experiments. n = 3 per group. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test.