Table 3.
Clinical studies on the effects of race in TCM patients
| Race | Author (year) | Diagnostic criteria | Sample size | Type of study | Follow‐up | Mortality | Analysis strategy | Risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black vs. White | Brinjikji et al. (2012) | ICD‐9 | 24 701 | Retrospective | In‐hospital | No difference | Multivariable logistic regression | High |
| Vallabhajosyula et al. (2018) | ICD‐9 | 2214 | Retrospective | In‐hospital | OR 1.6 (95% CI 1.1–2.4), P = 0.03 | Multivariable logistic regression | High | |
| Zaghlol et al. (2020) | ICD‐9 | 97 650 | Retrospective | In‐hospital | No difference | Multivariate regression | High | |
| Black vs. Hispanic | Brinjikji et al. (2012) | ICD‐9 | 24 701 | Retrospective | In‐hospital | No difference | Multivariable logistic regression | High |
| Hispanic vs. White | Vallabhajosyula et al. (2018) | ICD‐9 | 2214 | Retrospective | In‐hospital | No difference | Multivariable logistic regression | High |
| Asian vs. White | Brinjikji et al. (2012) | ICD‐9 | 24 701 | Retrospective | In‐hospital | No difference | Multivariable logistic regression | High |
| Vallabhajosyula et al. (2018) | ICD‐9 | 2214 | Retrospective | In‐hospital | No difference | Multivariable logistic regression | High | |
| Non‐White vs. White | Napierkowski et al. (2021) | ICD‐9 | 14 639 | Retrospective | In‐hospital | OR 1.412 (95% CI 1.071–1.861), P = 0.015 | Multivariable logistic regression | High |
AAs, African Americans; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; TCM, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.