Table 1.
Population characteristics
| LVAD population | HT population | HF population | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 28 | 55 | 42 |
| Age a | 56.6 ± 8.2 | 52.2 ± 14.4 | 58.5 ± 6.5 |
| Male gender n (%) | 23 | 39 (70.9) | 38 (90.5) |
| Tobacco abuse n (%) | 3 (10.7) | 3 (5.4) | 5 (11.9) |
| BMI a | 27.3 ± 3.5 | 24.4 ± 4.5 | 25.8 ± 4 |
| Heart rate a | 80.4 ± 12.9 | 90.5 ± 13 | 70.8 ± 11 |
| Mean arterial blood pressure a | 84.3 ± 9.2 | ||
| SBP a | 127. 6 ± 16.7 | 107.9 ± 15.6 | |
| DBP a | 81 ± 10 | 72 ± 10.7 | |
| NT‐proBNP b | 2202 (546.2–2748.25) | 1430 (555–1898.5) | 3482 (1532–5240.7) |
| CRP b | 2.43 (0.45–2.87) | 3.5 (0.3–3.7) | 3.63 (0.2–3.8) |
| Baseline diameter (mm) b | 3.9 (3.5–4.2) | 3.8 (3.4–4.5) | 3.9 (3.5–4.3) |
| Peak diameter (mm) b | 4.2 (3.8–4.6) | 4.2 (3.7–4.6) | 4.2 (3.9–4.6) |
| Absolute FMD change (mm) b | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) |
| Percentage FMD change (%) b | 7.06 (4.6–11.7) | 7.1 (5.8–10.8) | 7.2 (5.9–11.6) |
| LVEF (%) a | 22.8 ± 4 | 57.7 ± 6.6 | 24.5 ± 6.5 |
| NYHA class b | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 3 (3–3) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia n (%) | 8 (28.6) | 16 (29.1) | 13 (31) |
| Hypertension N (%) | 3 (10.7) | 17 (30.9) | 13 (31) |
| Diabetes N (%) | 8 (28.6) | 15 (27.3) | 14 (33.3) |
| Obesity (%) | 7 (25) | 5 (9.1) | 5 (11.9) |
| Ischaemic aetiology N (%) | 16 (57) | 22 (40) | 14 (33.3) |
| Non ischaemic aetiology N (%) | 12 (43) | 33 (60) | 28 (66.7) |
| Beta blocker N (%) | 18 (64.3) | 17 (30.9) | 38 (90.5) |
| Diuretics N (%) | 22 (78.6) | 32 (58.2) | 41 (97.6) |
| Digoxin N (%) | 0 | 1 (1.8) | 10 (23.8) |
| Amiodarone N (%) | 9 (32.1) | 5 (9.1) | 21 (50) |
| Oral anticoagulant N (%) | 26 (92.9) | 5 (9.1) | 20 (47.6) |
| Aspirin N (%) | 22 (78.6) | 39 (70.9) | 16 (38.1) |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers N (%) | 5 (17.9) | 8 (14.5) | 12 (28.6) |
| Calcium antagonist N (%) | 8 (28.6) | 10 (18.2) | 2 (4.8) |
| Statins N (%) | 3 (10.7) | 19 (34.5) | 21 (50) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRP, C‐reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FMD, flow‐mediated dilation; HF, heart failure; HT, heart transplant; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; NT‐proBNP, N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
a
Mean ± standard deviation.
b
Median (interquartile range).