Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Total (n = 930) | Total hs‐cTnT (n = 810) | Hs‐cTnT <7 ng/L (n = 374) | Hs‐cTnT ≥7 ng/L (n = 436) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61 (52, 70) | 60 (52, 70) | 54 (46, 62) | 67 (58, 75) | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 287 (30.9%) | 240 (29.6%) | 51 (13.6%) | 189 (43.3%) | <0.001 |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Arterial hypertension | 222 (23.9%) | 196 (24.2%) | 56 (15%) | 140 (32.1%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 94 (10.1%) | 85 (10.5%) | 23 (6.1%) | 62 (14.2%) | <0.001 |
| BMI > 35 kg/m2 | 49 (5.3%) | 46 (5.7%) | 21 (5.6%) | 25 (5.7%) | 1.0 |
| Smoking | 272 (30.8%) | 256 (32.7) | 112 (30.7) | 144 (33.0) | 0.522 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 135 (15.3%) | 126 (16.1) | 39 (10.7) | 87 (20.0) | 0.001 |
| Cancer diagnosis | |||||
| Breast cancer | 450 (48.4%) | 404 (49.9%) | 258 (69.0%) | 146 (33.5%) | <0.001 |
| Upper GI tumour | 99 (10.6%) | 90 (11.1%) | 25 (6.7%) | 65 (14.9%) | <0.001 |
| Multiple myeloma | 51 (5.5%) | 41 (5.1%) | 8 (2.1%) | 33 (7.6%) | <0.001 |
| Melanoma | 38 (4.1%) | 36 (4.4%) | 15 (4.0%) | 21 (4.8%) | 0.70 |
| Ovarian cancer | 35 (3.8%) | 31 (3.8%) | 9 (2.4%) | 22 (5.0%) | 0.08 |
| NET | 34 (3.7%) | 28 (3.5%) | 12 (3.2%) | 16 (3.7%) | 0.87 |
| Lymphoma | 31 (3.3%) | 29 (3.6%) | 7 (1.9%) | 22 (5.0%) | 0.03 |
| AML | 29 (3.1%) | 18 (2.2%) | 8 (2.1%) | 10 (2.3%) | 1.0 |
| Sarkoma | 19 (2.0%) | 15 (1.9%) | 2 (0.5%) | 13 (3.0%) | 0.02 |
| Other | 144 (15.5%) | 118 (14.6%) | 30 (8.0%) | 88 (20.2%) | <0.001 |
| Oncologic staging | |||||
| Tis | 2 (0.2%) | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.93 |
| T1 | 166 (17.8%) | 152 (18.8%) | 104 (27.8%) | 48 (11.0%) | <0.001 |
| T2 | 151 (16.2%) | 134 (16.5%) | 84 (22.5%) | 50 (11.5%) | <0.001 |
| T3 | 125 (13.4%) | 114 (14.1%) | 35 (9.4%) | 79 (18.1%) | <0.001 |
| T4 | 60 (6.5%) | 54 (6.7%) | 24 (6.4%) | 30 (6.9%) | 0.90 |
| N0 | 270 (29.0%) | 252 (31.1%) | 160 (42.8%) | 92 (21.1%) | <0.001 |
| N1 | 212 (22.8%) | 188 (23.2%) | 90 (24.1%) | 98 (22.5%) | 0.65 |
| N2 | 39 (4.2%) | 35 (4.3%) | 8 (2.1%) | 27 (6.2%) | 0.007 |
| Nx | 13 (1.4%) | 31 (3.8%) | 11 (2.9%) | 20 (4.6%) | 0.30 |
| M0 | 463 (49.8%) | 423 (52.2%) | 236 (63.1%) | 187 (42.9%) | <0.001 |
| M1 | 99 (10.6%) | 87 (10.7%) | 28 (7.5%) | 59 (13.5%) | 0.008 |
| Mx | 37 (4.0%) | 34 (4.2%) | 19 (5.1%) | 15 (3.4%) | 0.32 |
| Oncologic therapy | |||||
| Therapy setting | |||||
| Palliative | 228 (24.5%) | 174 (21.5%) | 47 (12.6%) | 127 (29.1%) | <0.001 |
| Adjuvant | 153 (16.5%) | 125 (15.4%) | 58 (15.5%) | 67 (15.4%) | 1.0 |
| Neoadjuvant | 262 (28.2%) | 237 (29.3%) | 141 (37.7%) | 96 (22.0%) | <0.001 |
| Terminated | 138 (14.8%) | 136 (16.8%) | 90 (24.1%) | 46 (10.6%) | <0.001 |
| Other | 149 (16.0%) | 138 (17.0%) | 38 (10.2%) | 100 (22.9%) | <0.001 |
| Chemotherapy | 870 (93.5%) | 752 (92.8%) | 339 (90.6%) | 413 (94.7%) | 0.03 |
| Before CTx | 504 (54.2%) | 445 (54.9%) | 215 (57.5%) | 230 (52.8%) | 0.20 |
| During CTx | 186 (20.0%) | 142 (17.5%) | 42 (11.2%) | 100 (22.9%) | <0.001 |
| After CTx | 130 (14.0%) | 122 (15.1%) | 68 (18.2%) | 54 (12.4%) | 0.028 |
| Anthracyclines | 229 (26.3%) | 195 (25.1%) | 118 (32.4%) | 77 (18.7%) | <0.001 |
| Trastuzumab | 139 (16.0%) | 118 (15.2%) | 67 (18.4%) | 51 (12.4%) | 0.016 |
| TKI | 37 (4.2%) | 25 (3.2%) | 9 (2.5%) | 16 (3.9%) | 0.41 |
| ICI | 76 (8.7%) | 63 (8.1%) | 26 (7.1%) | 37 (9.0%) | 0.50 |
| PI (Carfilzomib) | 11 (1.3%) | 9 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (2.2%) | 0.014 |
| Other drugs | 242 (26.0%) | 215 (26.5%) | 69 (18.4%) | 146 (33.5%) | <0.001 |
| Radiation | 318 (34.2%) | 280 (36.1%) | 141 (38.7%) | 139 (33.7%) | 0.10 |
| Chest radiation | 241 (25.9%) | 214 (27.6%) | 120 (33.0%) | 94 (22.8%) | 0.001 |
| Surgery | 547 (58.8%) | 489 (63.0%) | 239 (65.7%) | 250 (60.7%) | 0.07 |
| Number of visits | |||||
| 1 visit | 930 (100%) | 810 (100%) | 374 (100%) | 436 (100%) | 1.0 |
| 2 visits | 392 (42.2%) | 341 (42.1%) | 152 (40.6%) | 189 (43.3%) | 0.43 |
| 3 visits | 191 (20.5%) | 167 (20.6%) | 86 (23.0%) | 81 (18.6%) | 0.14 s |
| Clinical chemistry | |||||
| Timepoint (days) | 263 (35, 1758) | 239 (33, 1884) | 137 (30, 1971) | 267 (39, 1490) | 0.738 |
| Hs‐cTnT (ng/L) | 7 (4, 12) | 7 (4, 12) | 4 (3, 5) | 11 (9, 17) | <0.001 |
| NT‐proBNP (ng/L) | 141 (70, 293.5) | 140 (70, 291) | 96 (58, 174) | 210 (101, 533) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.75 (0.65, 0.88) | 0.74 (0.65, 0.87) | 0.70 (0.63, 0.77) | 0.82 (0.69, 1.03) | <0.001 |
| GFR (mL/min) | 90.67 (76.4, 105.8) | 90.84 (76.75, 105.7) | 94.14 (84.52, 111.03) | 84.36 (69.68, 99.54) | <0.001 |
| Echocardiography | |||||
| LVEF (%) | 60.0 (55, 60) | 60 (55, 60) | 60 (60, 60) | 60 (55, 60) | <0.001 |
| GLS (−%) | 17.9 (16.0, 20.0) | 18.0 (16.0, 20.1) | 18.5 (16.4, 20.4) | 17.6 (15.2, 19.8) | 0.002 |
| E/E′ | 7.00 (5.00, 9.00) | 7.00 (5.00, 8.95) | 6.00 (5.00, 8.00) | 7.00 (6.00, 9.00) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac catheterization | 110 (11.8%) | 96 (11.9%) | 22 (5.9%) | 74 (17.0%) | <0.001 |
| Stenosis ≥75% | 27 (2.9%) | 27 (3.3%) | 1 (0.2%) | 26 (6.0%) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac CT | 15 (1.6%) | 15 (1.9%) | 4 (1.1%) | 11 (2.5%) | 0.21 |
| Cardiac MRI | 129 (13.9%) | 120 (14.8%) | 40 (10.7%) | 80 (18.3%) | 0.003 |
| All‐cause mortality | 120 (12.9%) | 99 (12.2%) | 24 (6.4%) | 75 (17.2%) | 0.002 |
| Median follow‐up survival (days) | 553 (288, 1213) | 541 (287, 1128) | 518 (283, 1245) | 557 (289, 1079) | 0.13 |
| Causes of death | |||||
| Cancer | 58 (6.2%) | 50 (6.2%) | 14 (3.7%) | 36 (8.3%) | 0.01 |
| Infection | 11 (1.2%) | 9 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (2.1%) | 0.014 |
| Unknown | 51 (5.5%) | 40 (4.9%) | 10 (2.7%) | 30 (6.9%) | 0.01 |
AML, acute myeloid leukaemia; BMI, body mass index; CT, computer tomography; CTx, chemotherapy; E, early ventricular filling velocity; E′, peak mitral annular velocity during early filling; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; GI, gastrointestinal; GLS, global longitudinal strain; hs‐cTnT, high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NET, neuroendocrine tumour; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro brain‐type natriuretic peptide; PI, proteasome inhibitor; Timepoint, median time between cancer diagnosis and blood draw (days); TKI, tyrosin kinase inhibitor.