Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics
| Characteristic | All patients | Low PAPi (<5.3) | High PAPi (≥5.3) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (n) | 102 | 51 | 51 | NA |
| Age and gender | ||||
| Age (years) | 52.6 ± 15.1 | 56.1 ± 14.5 | 49.2 ± 15.0 | 0.024 |
| Female (n, %) | 79 (77.5) | 39 (76.5) | 40 (78.4) | 0.813 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Chinese (n, %) | 65 (63.7) | 31 (60.7) | 34 (66.7) | 0.527 |
| Malay (n, %) | 23 (22.5) | 14 (27.5) | 9 (17.6) | |
| Indian (n, %) | 10 (9.8) | 5 (9.8) | 5 (9.8) | |
| Others (n, %) | 4 (3.9) | 1 (2.0) | 3 (5.8) | |
| BMI | ||||
| Low < 18.5 (n, %) | 17 (16.7) | 6 (11.8) | 11 (21.6) | 0.487 |
| Normal 18.6 to 22.9 (n, %) | 36 (35.2) | 16 (11.8) | 20 (39.2) | |
| Overweight ≥ 23 (n, %) | 49 (48.0) | 29 (56.9) | 20 (39.2) | |
| Aetiology | ||||
| iPAH (n, %) | 34 (33.3) | 19 (37.3) | 15 (29.4) | 0.396 |
| CHD‐PAH (n, %) | 24 (23.5) | 13 (25.5) | 11 (21.6) | |
| CTD‐PAH (n, %) | 32 (31.4) | 12 (23.5) | 20 (39.2) | |
| Others (n, %) | 12 (11.8) | 7 (13.7) | 5 (9.8) | |
| WHO functional class | ||||
| FC I & II (n, %) | 75 (75.8) | 38 (79.2) | 37 (72.5) | 0.443 |
| FC III & IV (n, %) | 24 (24.2) | 10 (20.8) | 14 (27.5) | |
| Clinical parameters | ||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 124.4 ± 20.2 | 123.7 ± 17.8 | 125.0 ± 22.4 | 0.960 |
| Heart rate (BPM) | 81.3 ± 15.9 | 82.2 ± 17.3 | 80.3 ± 14.4 | 0.698 |
| 6MWD (m) | 346.9 ± 111 | 331.3 ± 129.7 | 358.8 ± 94.6 | 0.438 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 77.4 ± 44.9 | 87.1 ± 60.3 | 68.1 ± 17.9 | 0.138 |
| NT‐proBNP (pg/mL) | 2032.3 ± 3621.1 | 2430.9 ± 3524.3 | 1633.7 ± 3709.9 | 0.052 |
| Haemodynamic parameters | ||||
| PASP (mmHg) | 78.2 ± 25.6 | 71.3 ± 22.7 | 85.1 ± 26.6 | 0.010 |
| PADP (mmHg) | 29.9 ± 13.1 | 30.9 ± 12.2 | 28.9 ± 14.0 | 0.243 |
| mPAP (mmHg) | 49.7 ± 16.3 | 47.3 ± 16.2 | 52.0 ± 16.1 | 0.081 |
| mRAP (mmHg) | 9.9 ± 5.4 | 13.5 ± 4.8 | 6.2 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| CI (L/m2) | 2.26 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 0.889 |
| PVR (wood units) | 12.7 ± 9.1 | 11.0 ± 8.8 | 14.6 ± 9.1 | 0.013 |
| SVO2 (%) | 67.8 ± 10.6 | 67.2 ± 11.1 | 68.3 ± 10.1 | 0.538 |
| Treatment | ||||
| None (n, %) | 8 (7.8) | 5 (9.8) | 3 (5.9) | 0.346 |
| Monotherapy (n, %) | 68 (66.7) | 36 (70.6) | 32 (62.7) | |
| Combination (n, %) | 26 (25.5) | 10 (19.6) | 16 (31.4) | |
| REVEAL score | 6.7 ± 2.5 | 7.2 ± 2.7 | 6.2 ± 2.1 | 0.072 |
6MWD, 6 min walk distance; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CHD‐PAH, congenital heart disease associated pulmonary arterial; CI, confidence interval; CTD‐PAH, connective tissue disease associated pulmonary arterial hypertension; iPAH, idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension; mRAP, mean right atrial pressure; mPAP, mean pulmonary arterial pressure; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; PADP, pulmonary artery diastolic pressure; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; WHO, World Health Organization.