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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021 May 14;69(10):2802–2810. doi: 10.1111/jgs.17225

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of 2017 and 2018 Medicare decedents with dementia in traditional Medicare, Medicare Advantage, and Accountable Care Organizations

Socio-demographic characteristics Entire sample (n = 370,094) Traditional Medicare (n = 236,707) Medicare Advantage (n = 93,801) Accountable Care Organizations (n = 39,586)
Age, mean (SD) 86.9 (7.7) 87.0 (7.8) 86.9 (7.6) 87.2 (7.6)
Female sex (%) 67.6 67.6 67.9 67.3
Race/ethnicity, % (95% CI)
  White 81.4 (81.3, 81.5) 81.2 (81.0, 81.4) 79.9 (79.6, 80.1) 86.3 (86.0,86.7)
  Black 10.6 (10.5, 10.7) 10.5 (10.4, 10.7) 11.6 (11.4, 11.8) 8.4 (8.2, 8.7)
  Asian 1.9 (1.8, 1.9) 2.1 (2.0, 2.1) 1.9 (1.8, 2.0) 0.9 (0.8, 1.0)
  Hispanic 5.2 (5.1, 5.3) 5.2 (5.1, 5.3) 5.9 (5.7, 6.0) 3.7 (3.5, 3.9)
Dual-eligible status, % (95% CI) 60.0 (59.8, 60.2) 60.1 (59.9, 60.3) 61.4 (61.0, 61.7) 56.3 (55.8, 56.7)
Comorbidities, % (95% CI)
  Heart failure 22.8 (22.7, 23.0) 22.8 (22.6, 22.9) 22.6 (22.3, 22.8) 23.9 (23.5, 24.3)
  Pneumonia 3.8 (3.8, 3.9) 3.8 (3.7, 3.9) 3.7 (3.6, 3.9) 4.2 (4.0, 4.4)
  Hip fracture 3.9 (3.8, 4.0) 3.8 (3.8, 3.9) 3.8 (3.7, 3.9) 4.3 (4.1, 4.5)
  CVA, TIA, or stroke 10.9 (10.8, 11.0) 11.0 (10.8, 11.1) 10.6 (10.4, 10.7) 11.1 (10.8, 11.4)
  Asthma, COPD, or chronic lung disease 20.3 (20.2, 20.5) 20.5 (20.3, 20.6) 19.7 (19.5, 19.9) 20.9 (20.5, 21.2)
Cognitive function score, % (95% CI)
  2 18.3 (18.2, 18.5) 18.0 (17.8, 18.1) 18.4 (18.1, 18.6) 20.4 (20.0, 20.8)
  3 54.8 (54.7, 55.0) 54.6 (54.4, 54.8) 55.1 (54.8, 55.4) 55.6 (55.1, 56.1)
  4 26.8 (26.7, 27.0) 27.4 (27.3, 27.6) 26.5 (26.2, 26.8) 23.9 (23.5, 24.4)
ADL impairments, % (95% CI)
  2 2.7 (2.7, 2.8) 2.7 (2.6, 2.7) 2.8 (2.7, 2.9) 3.2 (3.0, 3.4)
  3 4.0 (3.9, 4.0) 3.8 (3.7, 3.9) 4.1 (4.0, 4.2) 4.3 (4.1, 4.5)
  4 4.3 (4.2, 4.3) 4.2 (4.1, 4.2) 4.3 (4.1, 4.4) 4.9 (4.7, 5.1)
  5 11.0 (10.9, 11.1) 10.9 (10.8, 11.1) 11.1 (10.9, 11.3) 11.3 (11.0, 11.6)
  6 34.5 (34.4, 34.7) 33.8 (33.6, 34.0) 35.3 (35.0, 35.7) 36.6 (36.1, 37.1)
  7 43.5 (43.3, 43.7) 44.6 (44.4, 44.8) 42.4 (42.1, 42.7) 39.7 (39.2, 40.2)
NH stay was for skilled nursing and/or rehabilitation, % (95% CI) 12.8 (12.7, 13.0) 12.8 (12.7, 13.0) 11.8 (11.6, 12.0) 15.2 (14.8, 15.5)

Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; NH, nursing home; TIA, transient ischemic attack.