. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2021 Jul 29;27(4):602–612. doi: 10.1037/cdp0000463

Table 3.

Means (Standard Errors) of Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence, by Race/Ethnicity.

Risk Factor	Black (n = 133	Latinx (n = 93)	White (n = 82)	Test of Group Differences
Risk Factor	Black (n = 133	Latinx (n = 93)	White (n = 82)	F (2, 301)	p-value
Childhood Experiences of Violence
Child Abuse Experiences	5.94 (.34)^a	5.25 (.39)^a	3.29 (.42)^b	11.89	< .001
Witnessing Violence Between Parents	0.80 (.11)^a	.92 (.13)^a	.35 (.14)^b	5.15	.006
Structural Inequalities
Economic Stress	0.18 (.07)^a	.09 (.08)^a	−.41 (.09)^b	14.81	< .001
Racial Discrimination	1.79 (.05)^a	1.64 (.06)^a	1.06 (.07)^b	38.84	< .001
Sexual Minority Stressors
Internalized SM Stigma	1.64 (.05)	1.69 (.06)	1.61 (.06)	0.44	0.64
SGM Victimization	3.42 (.40)	2.31 (.47)	2.18 (.50)	2.26	0.11
Social Support	5.03 (.10)^a	5.27 (.12)^a,b	5.52 (.13)^b	4.45	0.01

Note. All means are adjusted for age, gender identity, and sexual orientation identity. For tests comparing the racial/ethnic groups on internalized stigma, n = 129 for Black, n = 92 for Latinx, n = 82 for White participants; degrees of freedom are 2 and 296.

Note. Potential range for racial discrimination is 1-5, for child abuse experiences is 0-16, for witnessing violence between parents is 0-5, for internalized SM stigma is 1-4, for SGM victimization is 0-5, for social support is 1-7. Actual range for economic stress is −1.43-1.74.

^a,b

Group means with different superscripts differ significantly from each other at p < .05 according to Fisher’s LSD tests.