Table 3.
Summary of effects of organochlorine pesticides on GnRH, kisspeptin, and gonadotropins
| EDC | Source | Exposure | Dose | Model | GnRH and pulse | Kisspeptin | Gonadotropin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE | Makita (2008) | perinatal | 125 ppm | rat | F: NC | ||
| MXC | Roepke et al. (2016) | perinatal | F rat | NC ARC | |||
| MXC | Masutomi et al. (2004) | perinatal | 1200 ppm | Rat | M: ↓% of LH+, FSH+ cells; F: ↓LH+ cells, ↑% of FSH+ cells |
||
| MXC | Suzuki et al. (2004) | perinatal | 24, 240, 1200 ppm | M rat | M: ↓serum FSH, LH; F: ↓proestrous LH surge |
||
| o,p´-DDT, p,p´-DDE | Rasier et al. (2007) | juvenile | 10, 100 mg/kg/d | F rat | ↓GnRH IPI; ↑pulsatility in PND15 | ↓Serum LH concentrations | |
| o,p´-DDT p,p´-DDT | Rasier et al. (2008) | juvenile | 10−5-10−4 M | F rat | ↑Glut-evoked GnRH, pulse amp, pulsatile GnRH | ||
| MXC | Dickerson et al. (2011b) | juvenile | 20 μg/kg, 100 mg/kg | F rat | NC AVPV | ||
| DDT | Ben Rhouma et al. (2001) | adult | 50mg, 100 mg/kg | Rat | M: ↑FSH, LH | ||
| MXC | Lafuente et al. (2008) | adult | 25 mg/kg/d | Rat | ↓plasma LH; NC FSH | ||
| MXC | Tomic et al. (2006) | adult | 64 mg/kg/d | Mouse | ↓serum FSH levels | ||
| p,p´-DDT MXC | Zhou et al. (2014) | cell | 10−7 M | LβT2 cells | ↑Stimulation Fshβ, Lhβ, FSH, LH protein |
NC, measured but no change; ↑, increase in expression of gene or protein; ↓, decrease in gene or protein; F, female; M, male.