Table 4.

Summary of effects of PFAS on GnRH, kisspeptin, and gonadotropins

EDC	Source	Exposure	Dose, mg/kg	Model	GnRH and Pulse	Kisspeptin	Gonadotropins
PFOA	Du et al. (2019)	perinatal (PND: 1–5)	0.1, 1,10	Rat		F: ↓AVPV; ↓ARC Kiss1, Kiss1r	F: ↑LH serum in high dose
PFOA	Du et al. (2019)	Juvenile (PND: 26–30)	0.1, 1, 10	Rat		F: ↑AVPV low dose; ↓AVPV high dose	F: ↑LH in high dose
PFOS	Lopez-Doval et al. (2014)	young adult	0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0	Rat	M: ↓at 3 low doses		M: ↑LH, FSH at 2 low doses M: ↓LH at 0.5 and 2.0 kg M: ↑FSH all doses
PFOS	Lopez-Doval et al. (2016)	adult	1.0, 3.0, 6.0	Rat	M: NC: Gnrh		M: NC - Gnrhr M: ↓GnRH receptor protein
PFOS	Feng et al. (2015)	adult	0.1	Mouse	F: ↑in diestrus F: ↓in proestrus	F: ↓AVPV Kiss+ neurons F: ↓AVPV	F: ↓LH, FSH proestrus F:↑ LH diestrus
PFAS	Zhang et al. (2020)	adult	0.5, 2, 5	Mouse	↓at 2 and 5 mg/kg		↓LH at 2 and 5 mg/kg

NC: measured but no change. ↑, increase in expression of gene or protein. ↓, decrease in gene or protein. F = female. M = male.