. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Acta Biomater. 2021 Aug 5;133:126–138. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.075

Table 1.

Examples of immune cell regulation by stromal cells of mesenchymal origin in bone marrow and lymph nodes.

Organs	Effector cells	Target immune cells	Mediators from stromal cells	Effects	Refs
Bone marrow	MSCs	Monocytes	CCL2	Essential for monocyte emigration from marrow upon infection	25
		Dendritic cells	Notch pathway	Facilitate dendritic cell differentiation from HSCs	26, 27
		Neutrophils	GM-CSF, IL6, IL8	Support neutrophil survival, recruitment, and phagocytic activity	28, 29
		B cells	CXCL12	Maintain a B cell progenitor pool in marrow	30
Lymph node	TRCs	T-cells, dendritic cells	CCL19, CCL21	From a conduit network to enwrap the matrix; Regulate lymph flow; Recruitment of T-cells and dendritic cells during inflammation	34, 35
	BRCs	B-cells	BAFF, CXCL13	Essential for B cell survival and humoral immunity	36
	FDCs	B-cells	BAFF, CXCL13	Essential for germinal center maintenance	37

MSCs: Mesenchymal stromal cells; FRCs: Fibroblastic reticular cells; TRCs: T-cell zone reticular cells; BRCs: B-cell zone reticular cells; FDCs: Follicular dendritic cells; CCL: CC-chemokine ligand; CXCL: CXC-chemokine ligand; IL: Interleukin; GM-CSF: Granulocyte and monocyte-colony stimulating factor; BAFF: B-cell activating factor.