Skip to main content
. 2021 Oct 7;11:19934. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99070-w

Table 3.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes within and between Study vs. Control Cohorts with and without Penetration or Aspiration.

Characteristic Study Control PAS = 1: Study vs control P-value PAS ≥ 2: Study vs control P-value
PAS = 1 (None) PAS ≥ 2 (Penetration or Aspiration) Adjusted P-value PAS = 1 (None) PAS ≥ 2 (Penetration or Aspiration) Adjusted P-value
N-value 15 43 12 37
Oral feeding success rate (%) 14 (93%) 37 (86%) 0.99 8 (67%) 23 (62%) 0.99 0.3 0.04
Growth velocity
Weight (g/day) 27.6 ± 9.7, n = 9 27.3 ± 11.6, n = 40 0.99 27.3 ± 14.0, n = 11 26.6 ± 10.8, n = 35 0.99 0.99 0.99
Length (cm/day) 0.1 ± 0.1, n = 9 0.1 ± 0.1, n = 37 0.99 0.1 ± 0.0, n = 10 0.1 ± 0.1, n = 34 0.43 0.45 0.99
Head circumference (cm/day) 0.1 ± 0.0, n = 9 0.1 ± 0.0, n = 35 0.99 0.1 ± 0.0, n = 9 0.1 ± 0.0, n = 33 0.99 0.99 0.9
Nutrition
Milk type (%) 0.83 0.99 0.34 0.99
Breast milk 2/15 (18%) 3/42 (7%) 1 (8%) 3 (8%)
Breast milk + Formula 1/15 (9%) 12/42 (29%) 4 (33%) 8 (22%)
Formula 8/15 (73%) 27/42 (64%) 7 (59%) 26 (70%)
Oxygen at discharge* (%) 0/5 (0%) 11/31 (35%) 0.33 2 (17%) 5 (14%) 0.99 0.99 0.09
VFSS to discharge interval* (days) 3 [1–4], n = 5 (1–59) 9 [2–17], n = 31 (0–101) 0.99 9 [3–18.5] (0–114) 7 [3–27] (0–112) 0.99 0.99 0.99
Length of hospital stay* (days) 26 [20–38], n = 5 (2–123) 27 [9–63], n = 31 (1–215) 0.99 19 [7–99] (2–196) 26 [6–66] (1–198) 0.99 0.99 0.99

Data presented as n (%), mean ± SE, median [IQR], and (min, max). VFSS: videofluoroscopy swallow study, HRM: high resolution manometry. *Rates calculated for hospital inpatients only.