Table 3.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes within and between Study vs. Control Cohorts with and without Penetration or Aspiration.
| Characteristic | Study | Control | PAS = 1: Study vs control P-value | PAS ≥ 2: Study vs control P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAS = 1 (None) | PAS ≥ 2 (Penetration or Aspiration) | Adjusted P-value | PAS = 1 (None) | PAS ≥ 2 (Penetration or Aspiration) | Adjusted P-value | |||
| N-value | 15 | 43 | 12 | 37 | ||||
| Oral feeding success rate (%) | 14 (93%) | 37 (86%) | 0.99 | 8 (67%) | 23 (62%) | 0.99 | 0.3 | 0.04 |
| Growth velocity | ||||||||
| Weight (g/day) | 27.6 ± 9.7, n = 9 | 27.3 ± 11.6, n = 40 | 0.99 | 27.3 ± 14.0, n = 11 | 26.6 ± 10.8, n = 35 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Length (cm/day) | 0.1 ± 0.1, n = 9 | 0.1 ± 0.1, n = 37 | 0.99 | 0.1 ± 0.0, n = 10 | 0.1 ± 0.1, n = 34 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.99 |
| Head circumference (cm/day) | 0.1 ± 0.0, n = 9 | 0.1 ± 0.0, n = 35 | 0.99 | 0.1 ± 0.0, n = 9 | 0.1 ± 0.0, n = 33 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.9 |
| Nutrition | ||||||||
| Milk type (%) | 0.83 | 0.99 | 0.34 | 0.99 | ||||
| Breast milk | 2/15 (18%) | 3/42 (7%) | 1 (8%) | 3 (8%) | ||||
| Breast milk + Formula | 1/15 (9%) | 12/42 (29%) | 4 (33%) | 8 (22%) | ||||
| Formula | 8/15 (73%) | 27/42 (64%) | 7 (59%) | 26 (70%) | ||||
| Oxygen at discharge* (%) | 0/5 (0%) | 11/31 (35%) | 0.33 | 2 (17%) | 5 (14%) | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.09 |
| VFSS to discharge interval* (days) | 3 [1–4], n = 5 (1–59) | 9 [2–17], n = 31 (0–101) | 0.99 | 9 [3–18.5] (0–114) | 7 [3–27] (0–112) | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Length of hospital stay* (days) | 26 [20–38], n = 5 (2–123) | 27 [9–63], n = 31 (1–215) | 0.99 | 19 [7–99] (2–196) | 26 [6–66] (1–198) | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
Data presented as n (%), mean ± SE, median [IQR], and (min, max). VFSS: videofluoroscopy swallow study, HRM: high resolution manometry. *Rates calculated for hospital inpatients only.