Fig. 5. Differentially expressed genes and altered signaling cascades in PCK1-silenced pancreatic cancer cells.

Heat map shows all differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PANC-1 cells expressing the applied PCK1 shRNA (vs. cells with shC, A). Venn diagram shows 161 DGEs (both upregulated and downregulated genes) in PCK1 shRNA-expressing PANC-1 cells (B). Volcano plots show the representative DEGs in PCK1 shRNA-expressing PANC-1 cells (C). Signaling pathway analyses of DEGs performed with the KEGG and R software packages are shown (D). Western blotting was used to detect AKT-mTORC1 signaling activation in PANC-1 cells bearing the PCK1 shRNA (“sh-PCK1-Seq1” or “sh-PCK1-Seq2”) or lentiviral scramble control shRNA (“shC”) (E). TCGA Kaplan–Meier survival analyses according to expression levels of representative DEGs that were upregulated (F) and downregulated (G) in PCK1-silenced cells.