Table 5.
CaCO3 micro- and nanoparticles synthesized by polymer mediated method
| No. | Size (nm) | Nature | Method of synthesis | Results/Observations | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20 | Crystalline | Polymer-mediated | CCNPs coated with PEG or PMMA or PVP nanocomposites were synthesized using natural limestone rock. The developed nanocomposites were spherical in shape, monodispersed, and porous-like structure. The value of band gap was 3.15–3.36 eV and the resultant product also showed good luminescence intensity in blue region | Ramasamy et al. (2018) |
| 2 | ~ 47 | Crystalline | Polymerization | The co-synthesis of DOX and mucin significantly improved the DOX loading efficiency by ten times and offered a great control over drug release from CCNPs. Retention of DOX inside CCNPs was administered by strong electrostatic attraction between CaCO3 and mucin matrix which significantly narrowed of nanocrystal pores. Hence, this system works as a great drug delivery agent to release small hydrophilic drugs | Balabushevich et al. (2019) |
| 3 | ~ 90 | Amorphous | Ultrasound sonication | CCNPs were synthesized using ultrasound-assisted precipitation technique. Surface modification of CCNPs was done using triethoxy vinyl silane (TEVS). CCNPs-TEVS showed good dispersibility in the polymer matrix as compared to the bare CCNPs. Hence, the surface modified CCNPs can be used as nanofillers and as a binder in the polymer and paint industry | Shimpi et al. (2015) |
| 4 | 60–70 | Crystalline | In-situ technique | The CCNPs was surface modified using polysiloxane quaternary ammonium salt (PQAC) corona (PQAC-CCNPs). The developed NIMs had a rhombohedral shape. Its shell was made up of poly(ethylene glycol)-tailed sulfonate anion (NPEP) canopy (thickness of 4– 6 nm). The inner core of CCNPs had calcite crystalline structure and NPEP canopy was amorphous. NPEP canopy showed a characteristic crystallization–melting behavior in the presence of ion bonding with PQAC-CCNPs. The CCNP-based NIMs exhibited a high electrical conductivity with temperature dependency due to the ionic conductive effect | Wang et al. (2018) |
| 5 | Not specified | Crystalline | Electrostatic interactions | The developed AuNP-CaCO3 hybrid material was utilized for HRP assembly and biosensor fabrication. The amperometric response exhibited by biosensor was in the linear range of 4.0 × 10–5–8.0 × 10–3 mol/L and detection limit was 1.0 × 10–6 mol/L | Cai et al. (2006) |
| 6 | ~ 300 | Not specified | Layer-by-layer assembly | The mesoporous CCNPs (MCNs) was loaded with DOX (MCNs-DOX) using layer-by-layer assembly method. The MCNs-DOX was found stable at a pH 7.4. The HeLa cells showed low cytotoxicity, high cell uptake efficiency, and strong molecular targeting property for MCNs-DOX | Xing et al. (2020) |
| 7 | ~ 34 | Not specified | In-situ polymerization | The synthesized CCNPs were modified in situ using calcium hydroxide slurry and CO2/nitrogen mixed gas. The developed nanoparticles had a surface area of 30 m2/g with a contact angle of 107.8°. CCNps showed good hydrophobicity and dispersity | Han et al. (2019) |