Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies and outcome events.
| References | Countries | Publications | Treatment group (No. of participants) | Daily levodopa dose, mg (mean ± SD) | Male (%) | Mean age ± SD (year) | Study period | Outcome events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dupont et al. (29) | 7 | Movement disorders | PLA (33) vs. TOL (32) |
PLA 588.2 ± 33Tol 665.9 ± 36.7 | PLA 57.6% TOL 53.1% |
PLA 66 ± 8TOL 66 ± 9 | 6 weeks | b,c,d |
| Waters et al. (34) | Canada, US | Neurology | PLA (102) vs. TOL (98) |
PLA 364.3 ± 13.2TOL 381.9 ±13.2 | PLA 59.8% TOL 60.2% |
PLA 67 ± 10TOL 63 ± 11 | 24–48 weeks | b,c,e, |
| Rajput et al. (35) | Canada, US | Neurology | PLA (66) vs. TOL (67) |
PLA 948 ± 46.9TOL 865.8 ± 47.4 | PLA 71% TOL 78% |
PLA 65 ± 10TOL 64 ± 9 | 12 weeks | b,c,e |
| Rinne et al. (17) | 16 | Neurology | PLA (86) vs. ENT (85) |
PLA 705 ± 283ENT 701 ± 293 | PLA 55.2% ENT 54.6% |
PLA 62.8 ± 8.7ENT 63.7 ± 9.88 | 24 weeks | a,b |
| Baas et al. (33) | Europe | J Neurol Neurosurgery Psychiatry | PLA (58) vs. TOL (59) |
PLA 660.9 ± 46.6TOL675.8 ± 42.4 | PLA 60% TOL 56% |
PLA 64 ± 8TOL 63 ± 9 | 12 weeks | a,c,e |
| Shan et al. (31) | China | Can. J. Neurol. Sci. | PLA (20) vs. TOL (20) |
PLA 930 ± 131.6TOL 795 ± 71.3 | PLA 80% TOL 85% |
PLA 67 ± 7TOL 63 ± 4 | 6 weeks | a,b,c |
| Poewe et al. (19) | Germany, Austria | Acta Neurol Scand | PLA (104) vs. ENT (197) |
PLA 572 ± 329ENT 570 ± 273 | PLA 48% ENT 40% |
PLA 61.1 ± 9.9ENT 60.7 ± 9.6 | 24 weeks | a,b,c,d,e |
| Brooks and Sagar (18) | UK, Republic of Ireland | J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry | PLA (57) vs. ENT (115) |
PLA 712 ± 369ENT 682 ± 390 | PLA 40% ENT 60% |
PLA 64.7 ± 8.5ENT 65.9 ± 8.9 | 24 weeks | a,b,c,d,e |
| Fénelon et al. (20) | UK | J Neural Transm | PLA (63) vs. ENT (99) |
N/A | PLA 60% ENT 64% |
PLA 65.0 ± 6.61ENT 63.5 ± 9.96 | 12 weeks | a,c,d,e |
| Reichmann et al. (25) | N/A | Acta Neurol Scand | PLA (96) vs. ENT (174) |
PLA 533 ± 231ENT 566 ± 243 | PLA 59% ENT 54% |
PLA 66 ± 9ENT 67 ± 8 | 13 weeks | a,c,d,e |
| Rascol et al. (24) | Europe, Israel, Argentina | Lancet | PLA (229) vs. ENT (227) |
PLA 697 ± 295ENT 706 ± 321 | PLA 58% ENT 61 |
PLA 64.8 ± 8.8ENT 63.0 ± 9.4 | 18 weeks | d,e |
| Mizuno et al. (22) | Japan | Movement disorders | PLA (95) vs. ENT (88) |
PLA 431.1 ± 130.7ENT 455.1 ± 161.0 | PLA 44.2% ENT 46.6% |
PLA 62.7 ± 9.9ENT 62.7 ± 8.7 | 8 weeks | a,b,d,e |
| Ferreira et al. (21) | Europe, South America | CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics | PLA (49) vs. ENT (50) |
PLA 712 ± 298ENT 709 ± 307 | PLA 65.3% ENT 54% |
PLA 64.1 ± 10.01ENT 65.3 ± 8.6 | 8 weeks | d |
| Rascol et al. (23) | 20 | Clinical Neuropharmacology | PLA (247) vs. ENT (234) |
N/A | PLA 60% ENT 58% |
PLA 63.6 ± 8.82ENT 63.7 ± 9.88 | 18 weeks | a |
| Ferreira et al. (36) | 20 | Lancet Neurol | PLA (121) vs. ENT (122) vs. OPI (115) |
PLA 675 ± 302ENT 645 ± 323OPI 695 ± 338 | PLA 59% ENT 62% OPI 60% |
PLA 64.3 ± 9.3ENT 63.7 ± 7.7OPI 63.5 ± 9.2 | 14–15 weeks | a,c,d,e |
| Lees et al. (27) | 12 | JAMA Neurology | PLA (135) vs. OPI (147) |
PLA 714 ± 338OPI 700 ± 312 | PLA 52.6% OPI 60.5% |
PLA 61.5 ± 8.9OPI 65.5 ± 8.4 | 14–15weeks | a,b,d,e |
| Takeda et al. (28) | Japan | Movement disorders | PLA (147) vs. OPI (145) |
PLA 422.3 ± 170.1OPI 445.3 ± 175.8 | PLA 56% OPI 60% |
PLA 68.5 ± 8.6OPI 67.4 ± 7.8 | 14–15 weeks | a,b,d,e |
PLA, Placebo; OPI, Opicapone; ENT, Entacapone; TOL, Tolcapone; N/A, not application; a, the total ON-time; b, the scores of UPDRS PartIII; c, the total daily dose of levodopa; d, adverse event; e, dyskinesia symptom.