Table 2.

Palmitoylation and depalmitoylation related to inflammation.

Modification types	Protein	Catalyzing enzyme	Modification sites	Cell types	Mechanism	References
Palmitoylation	MyD88	DHHC6	C131	Neutrophils	DHHC6-mediated MyD88 palmitoylation promotes the MYD88 association with IRAF4 and downstream NF-κB signaling pathway activation	(119)
	NOD1	DHHC5	C558, C567, and C952	BMDMs	DHHC5-catalyzed NOD1 palmitoylation is required for their membrane localization and ability to induce NF-kB signaling in response to C12-iE-DAP	(122)
	NOD2	DHHC5	C395 and C1033	BMDMs	DHHC5-catalyzed NOD2 palmitoylation is required for their membrane localization and ability to induce NF-kB signaling in response to MDP	(122)
	STING	DHHC1		BMDMs	ZDHHC1 is a positive regulator via mediating aggregation of STING and recruitment of the downstream signaling components TBK1 and IRF3	(125)
	STING	DHHC11		BMDMs	ZDHHC11 is a positive regulator facilitating the optimal recruitment of IRF3 to STING	(126)
	STING	DHHC3, DHHC7, and DHHC15	C89/C91	BMDMs	Palmitoylation of STING is essential for its assembly into multimeric complexes at the Golgi apparatus and the activation of downstream STING-triggered inflammatory signaling	(128)
	STAT3	DHHC7	C108	Th17	STAT3 palmitoylation promotes membrane recruitment and phosphorylation by JAK2	(129)
Depalmitoylation	STAT3	APT2	C108	Th17	APT2 depalmitoylates phosphorylated STAT3, facilitating nuclear translocation of p-STAT3	(129)