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. 2021 Sep 24;15:739506. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.739506

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Copyright © 2021 Wu, Liu, Li, Zhou, Huang, Wu, Zhan and Shen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The NADPH oxidase (NOX) family consists of seven catalytic subunits (NOX1-5 and DUOX1-2), regulatory subunits p22Phox, P47Phox or Noxo1, P67phox or Noxa1, and P40phox and Rac. They are widely expressed in endothelial cells (EC), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), macrophages and other cells. Specifically, NOX1, 2, 4, and 5 are highly expressed in cardiovascular tissues. NOX – mediated ROS production mainly occurs on catalytic subunit Nox or Duox. For Nox1 and Nox2, ROS production requires complex interactions of regulatory subunits in the cytoplasm. Nox4, on the other hand, requires protein termed δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2). In addition, the increase in intracellular calcium was sufficient to promote the activation of NOX5 and DUOX1-2.