Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients according to diagnostic success status
| Characteristic | Total (n=607) | Diagnostic success (n=462) | Diagnostic failure (n=145) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | ||||
| Age, yr | 67.8±12.0 | 68.2±12.0 | 66.6±11.8 | 0.170 |
| Male sex | 395 (65.1) | 300 (64.9) | 95 (65.5) | 0.898 |
| Underlying lung disease | 0.579 | |||
| COPD | 167 (27.5) | 126 (27.3) | 41 (28.3) | |
| Asthma | 16 (2.6) | 14 (3.0) | 2 (1.4) | |
| IPF | 12 (2.0) | 11 (2.4) | 1 (0.7) | |
| CPFE | 6 (1.0) | 6 (1.3) | 0 (0) | |
| Old pulmonary TB | 41 (6.8) | 33 (7.1) | 8 (5.5) | |
| Pneumoconiosis | 6 (1.0) | 5 (1.1) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Pulmonary function test, % | ||||
| FEV1 | 83.0±19.5 | 82.2±18.9 | 85.7±20.9 | 0.061 |
| FVC | 82.0±16.8 | 81.1±16.7 | 84.9±17.2 | 0.017 |
| FEV1/FVC | 73.2±11.4 | 73.2±11.3 | 73.3±11.8 | 0.927 |
| Lung lesions | ||||
| Location | 0.820 | |||
| RUL | 172 (28.3) | 130 (28.1) | 42 (29.0) | |
| RML | 32 (5.3) | 24 (5.2) | 8 (5.5) | |
| RLL | 151 (24.9) | 119 (25.8) | 32 (22.1) | |
| LUL | 161 (26.5) | 118 (25.5) | 43 (29.6) | |
| LLL | 91 (15.0) | 71 (15.4) | 20 (13.8) | |
| Distance from pleura (mm) | 13.4±13.2 | 13.3±13.2 | 13.8±13.2 | 0.691 |
| Size (mm) | 31.0±16.1 | 32.8±16.2 | 23.5±13.7 | <0.001 |
| Characteristics | <0.001 | |||
| Solid | 355 (58.5) | 276 (59.7) | 79 (54.5) | |
| Part-solid | 53 (8.7) | 32 (6.9) | 21 (14.5) | |
| Ground-glass opacity | 24 (4.0) | 11 (2.4) | 13 (9.0) | |
| Cavity | 71 (11.7) | 54 (11.7) | 17 (11.7) | |
| Consolidation | 104 (17.1) | 89 (19.3) | 15 (10.3) | |
| Bronchus sign in CT | <0.001 | |||
| Positive | 476 (78.4) | 399 (86.4) | 77 (53.1) | |
| Negative | 131 (21.6) | 63 (13.6) | 68 (46.9) | |
| Procedure | ||||
| EBUS image | <0.001 | |||
| Within | 425 (70.0) | 380 (82.3) | 45 (31.0) | |
| Adjacent | 112 (18.5) | 82 (17.7) | 30 (20.7) | |
| Invisible | 70 (11.5) | 0 (0.0) | 70 (48.3) | |
| No. of forceps biopsies per lesion* (n=537) | 5.1±1.8 | 5.3±1.7 | 4.0±2.1 | <0.001 |
| Procedure time, min | 18.2±8.1 | 19.3±7.9 | 17.4±8.1 | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
*
Number excluding lesions that failed to perform biopsies due to invisible case.
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IPF: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; CPFE: combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema; TB: tuberculosis; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC: forced vital capacity; RUL: right upper lobe; RML: right middle lobe; RLL: right lower lobe; LUL: left upper lobe; LLL: left lower lobe; CT: computed tomography; EBUS: endobronchial ultrasound.