Table 1.
Demographical and clinical characteristics of the studied eyes with diabetic retinopathy.
| Characteristic | Mild NPDR (n = 11) | Moderate NPDR (n = 29) | Severe NPDR (n = 25) | PDR (n = 43) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 50.00 (46.00–65.00) | 58.00 (56.00–63.50) | 61.00 (56.00–64.00) | 55.00 (51.00–57.00) | 0.003 * |
| Female, n (%) | 6 (54.54%) | 14 (48.28%) | 12 (48%) | 19 (44.19%) | 0.937† |
| Right eye, n (%) | 5 (45.45%) | 14 (48.28%) | 15 (60%) | 20 (46.51%) | 0.721† |
| DME, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (17.24%) | 13 (52%) | 18 (41.86%) | 0.003 † |
| CMT, μm | 228.00 (210.00–253.00) | 261.00 (246.00–276.45) | 297.00 (268.00–510.00) | 282.00 (262.00–329.00) | <0.001 * |
| CMV (within 1 mm), mm3 | 0.18 (0.17–0.20) | 0.21 (0.19–0.22) | 0.23 (0.21–0.40) | 0.22 (0.21–0.26) | <0.001 * |
| CMV (within 3 mm), mm3 | 2.09(1.92–2.24) | 2.29 (2.22–2.34) | 2.71 (2.42–3.30) | 2.50 (2.22–2.71) | <0.001 * |
| CMV (within 5 mm), mm3 | 5.82(5.29–6.12) | 6.27 (6.01–6.41) | 7.51 (6.48–8.82) | 7.10 (6.14–7.25) | <0.001 * |
| MA count (panretina), n | 64.00 (8.00–93.00) | 222.00 (163.67–284.00) | 338.00 (295.00–390.00) | 284.00 (250.00–339.00) | <0.001 * |
| MA count (PoA), n | 41.00 (7.00–64.00) | 162.00 (106.00–207.00) | 257.00 (191.00–316.00) | 195.00 (145.00–214.49) | <0.001 * |
| MA count (MPA), n | 19.00 (0.00–25.00) | 55.00 (32.00–88.00) | 89.00 (49.00–126.00) | 91.00 (62.00–105.00) | <0.001 * |
| MA count (FPA), n | 2.00 (1.00–7.00) | 11.00 (4.00–17.00) | 14.00 (6.50–32.00) | 17.00 (8.0–22.00) | 0.006 * |
| ISI (panretina), % | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.93 (0.44–1.87) | 3.47 (1.06–4.29) | 4.21 (2.52–6.62) | <0.001 * |
| ISI (PoA), % | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 1.28 (0.79–2.63) | 3.60 (1.69–9.83) | 7.72 (5.48–9.77) | <0.001 * |
| ISI (MPA), % | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.53 (0.19–1.04) | 1.67 (0.28–4.16) | 3.35 (1.95–5.98) | <0.001 * |
| ISI (FPA), % | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–1.58) | 0.23 (0.00–1.26) | 0.004 * |
| Leakage index (panretina), % | 0.52 (0.13–1.00) | 4.08 (3.00–5.84) | 7.90 (3.30–9.52) | 8.65 (6.71–11.01) | <0.001 * |
| Leakage index (PoA), % | 1.60 (0.37–2.19) | 9.38 (6.82–14.09) | 17.19 (10.36–21.09) | 20.41 (13.06–23.37) | <0.001 * |
| Leakage index (MPA), % | 0.004 (0.00–0.24) | 1.66 (0.66–2.47) | 2.13 (1.12–4.35) | 4.19 (2.53–5.99) | < 0.001* |
| Leakage index (FPA), % | 0.014 (0.00–0.38) | 1.04 (0.04–1.83) | 0.77 (0.01–1.99) | 1.23 (0.63–2.61) | 0.006 * |
NPDR, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; DME, diabetic macular edema; CMT, central macular thickness; CMV, central macular volume; MA count, microaneurysm count; ISI, ischemic index; PoA, posterior area; MPA, mid-periphery area; FPA, far-periphery area.
All quantitative parameters are expressed as median (95% CI).
*
p value determined by Kruskal–Wallis H test;
†
p-value determined by chi-squared test. Bold font indicates statistical significance.