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. 2021 Sep 24;12:732573. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.732573

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Copyright © 2021 Lyon, van Opbergen, Delmar, Heijman and van Veen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Top: Representative calcium transient and membrane potential traces of the wildtype (WT) and PKP2-cKO model, with and without BARS and the PKP2-cKO model with no Cx43 hemichannels-mediated calcium influx, with and without BARS. Please note the occurrence of a DAD-like event in the presence of PKP2-cKO under BARS (purple line) but absence of these events without Cx43 hemichannels-mediated calcium influx. Bottom: Calcium transient and membrane potential traces for all models from the population of models in the five situations described above. (B) Calcium transient in PKP2-cKO models with various increments of Cx43 hemichannel-mediated calcium influx showing the occurrence of DADs from I_CaB x 2. (C) Percentage of models showing DADs under control (wildtype, WT) conditions with and without BARS, PKP2-cKO conditions with no Cx43 hemichannel-mediated calcium influx with and without BARS, PKP2-cKO conditions (1.5-fold increase in Cx43 hemichannel-mediated calcium influx) with and without BARS, and PKP2-cKO conditions in addition of an even larger increase in Cx43 hemichannel-mediated calcium influx (2.5-fold) with and without BARS.