Table 1.
Characteristics of participants with T2DM
| Characteristic | T2DM without DKD (n=1,850) | T2DM with DKD (n=313) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 51.90±14.14 | 57.27±11.93 | <0.001 |
| Gender | 0.049 | ||
| Men | 1,033 (55.8) | 194 (62.0) | |
| Women | 817 (44.2) | 119 (38.0) | |
| Smoking | 0.999 | ||
| Yes | 474 (25.6) | 80 (25.6) | |
| No | 1,376 (74.4) | 233 (74.4) | |
| Drinking | 0.075 | ||
| Yes | 443 (23.9) | 60 (19.2) | |
| No | 1,407 (76.1) | 253 (80.8) | |
| Hypertension | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 709 (38.3) | 227 (72.5) | |
| No | 1,141 (61.7) | 86 (27.5) | |
| CHD | 0.859 | ||
| Yes | 402 (21.7) | 70 (22.4) | |
| No | 1,448 (78.3) | 243 (77.6) | |
| DR | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 328 (17.7) | 119 (38.0) | |
| No | 1,522 (82.3) | 194 (62.0) | |
| Diabetic foot | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 18 (1.0) | 15 (4.8) | |
| No | 1,832 (99.0) | 298 (95.2) | |
| Diabetic family history | 0.532 | ||
| Yes | 701 (37.9) | 125 (39.9) | |
| No | 1,149 (62.1) | 188 (60.1) | |
| DD, yr | 6.15±6.38 | 12.13±7.79 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.69±3.79 | 26.24±4.05 | 0.019 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 82.09±10.97 | 83.86±12.35 | 0.010 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 131.68±16.64 | 146.40±22.24 | <0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 8.06±2.57 | 8.39±3.38 | 0.040 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.40±1.97 | 7.92±1.91 | <0.001 |
| FINS, mmol/L | 7.50 (5.20–11.78) | 7.30 (4.92–12.50) | 0.538 |
| FCP, ng/mL | 1.69±1.10 | 2.48±2.43 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 66.66±37.66 | 255.96±241.47 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.09±0.32 | 1.11±0.38 | 0.355 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.65±0.91 | 2.88±1.36 | <0.001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.29±1.07 | 4.64±1.83 | <0.001 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.91±1.65 | 2.03±1.72 | 0.236 |
| Uric acid, μmol/L | 272.67±89.44 | 323.81±114.23 | <0.001 |
| uALB, mg/day | 14.00 (9.16–23.80) | 98.40 (23.16–2,416.00) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, % | 102.60±20.60 | 54.09±42.25 | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range).
T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; CHD, coronary heart disease; DR, diabetic retinopathy; DD, diabetes duration; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; FINS, fasting serum insulin; FCP, fasting plasma C-peptide; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; uALB, urine albumin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.