Fig. 1.

Disinfection for SARS-CoV-2 at initial chlorine doses of 1 (blue), 5 (red), and 10 mg/L (green). Observed disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 in DI water (a) and wastewater (b). Disinfection experiments included an initial chlorine dose of 0 mg/L (purple) as a control. The limit of detection was 0.5 TCID50/mL. Bottom figures show virus log removal versus chlorine concentration-time (Ct) values in DI water (c) and wastewater (d). Each point represents the average of triplicate values and error bars represent standard deviations. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)