Table 1.
Clinical characteristics, presentation, and laboratory and radiology data for patients with heart failure hospitalised for COVID-19.
| Total (n = 1,718) | Deceased (n = 819) | Not deceased (n = 899) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 81.4 (22–102.1) | 83.6 (26–102.1) | 79.4 (26.5–101.5) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 971 (56.5%) | 489 (59.7%) | 482 (53.6%) | 0.011 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Charlson Index > 4 | 155 (9%) | 93 (11.3%) | 62 (6.8%) | 0.002 |
| Barthel Index ≤ 60 | 648 (37.7%) | 380 (46.3%) | 268 (29.8%) | <0.001 |
| Tobacco | 93 (5.4%) | 36 (4.3%) | 57 (6.3%) | 0.049 |
| DM without organ damage | 313 (18.2%) | 147 (17.9%) | 166 (18.4%) | 0.758 |
| DM with organ damage | 261 (15.1%) | 149 (18.2%) | 112 (12.5%) | 0.001 |
| Arterial hypertension | 1350 (78.5%) | 670 (81.9%) | 680 (75.7%) | 0.002 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 929 (54%) | 453 (55.4%) | 476 (53%) | 0.311 |
| COPD | 269 (15.6%) | 142 (17.3%) | 127 (14.2%) | 0.072 |
| Coronary artery disease | 312 (18.1%) | 157 (19.2%) | 155 (17.3%) | 0.311 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 709 (41.2%) | 357 (43.6%) | 352 (39.2%) | 0.065 |
| Chronic HF | 1167 (67.9%) | 526 (64.2%) | 641 (71.3%) | <0.001 |
| Solid neoplasm | 158 (9.1%) | 83 (10.1%) | 75 (8.4%) | 0.205 |
| Moderate-severe chronic kidney disease | 296 (17.2%) | 169 (20.7%) | 127 (14.1%) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 43 (2.5%) | 22 (2.7%) | 21 (2.3%) | 0.648 |
| Obesity | 435 (25.3%) | 190 (23.1%) | 245 (27.2%) | 0.135 |
| Physical examination | ||||
| HR (bpm) | 84 (34–180) | 85 (34–180) | 83 (34–170) | 0.004 |
| Tachypnoea (> 20 RR) | 785 (45.6%) | 459 (51.1%) | 326 (36.2%) | <0.001 |
| SatO2 (%) | 93 (53–100) | 92 (53–100) | 94 (54–100) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129 (50–225) | 128 (50–225) | 130 (69–225) | 0.124 |
| Radiology | ||||
| Bilateral pulmonary consolidation | 515 (29.9%) | 297 (36.2%) | 218 (24.2%) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory | ||||
| CRP (mg/ L) | 69.5 (0–950) | 90 (0.4–950) | 55.1 (0–597) | <0.001 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 946 (21–489,000) | 1205 (21–489,000) | 801 (1618–90,000) | <0.001 |
| LDH (U/L) | 342 (18–5209) | 390 (92–5209) | 316 (18–1735) | <0.001 |
| Leukocytes (x106/L) | 6860 (324–90,000) | 7500 (1618–90,000) | 6400 (324–90,000) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocytes (x106/L) | 850 (0–75,500) | 768 (0–57,830) | 910 (49–75,500) | <0.001 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 58 (10–369) | 69.5 (10–369) | 50 (10–364) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.18 (0.2–14.3) | 1.35 (0.33–14) | 1.02 (0.27–10) | <0.001 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.8 (0–100) | 1.9 (0.1–100) | 1.7 (0.1–100) | <0.001 |
The categorical and continuous variables were expressed as absolute values and percentages and as medians (ranges), respectively.
BPM: beats per minute; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19: disease caused by coronavirus-2019; CRP: C-reactive protein; DM: diabetes mellitus; HF: heart failure; HR: heart rate; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; RR: respiratory rate (breaths per minute); SatO2: baseline oxygen saturation; SBP: systolic blood pressure.