Bullarbo 2005.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial. Figure 11.
Participants	Women (n = 24) failed to deliver the placenta 40 minutes after completion of second stage of labour despite additional administration of 10 IU oxytocin followed by controlled cord traction. All women were managed actively in the third stage of labour. Inclusion criteria: uncomplicated singleton pregnancy, spontaneous vertex delivery, healthy child. Exclusion criteria: pregnancy < 37 weeks, postpartum haemorrhage requiring immediate intervention, uterine malformation, intolerance to NTG, maternal age < 18 years, suspected placenta accreta, serious maternal disease.
Interventions	Experimental Intervention: use of sublingual NTG tablets in a dose of 1 mg (2 tablets each is 0.5 mg) given 40 minutes after failure to deliver the placenta. Control intervention: 2 placebo tablets of similar design as the NTG tablets. Both groups received in addition oxytocin.
Outcomes	Primary Manual removal of the placenta. Secondary Mean blood loss (mL). Headache between administration of NTG and discharge from the labour ward. Changes in the blood pressure between administration of NTG and discharge from the labour ward.
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Sealed opaque envelopes.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Low risk for performance bias: the participating women were not aware of the agent administered.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Low risk for detection bias: the obstetrician on duty was aware of the agent administered.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	There was no loss to follow‐up. No excluded women. Analysis was by intention‐to‐treat.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All relevant outcomes were reported in the results section. However, not all outcomes pre‐specified to be included in this review were reported in the trial. The study included the following outcomes; need for manual removal of placenta, haemodynamic changes of NTG (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate), mean blood loss during third stage of labour (although the method of estimation was not mentioned), side effects of NTG.
Other bias	Low risk	There is no premature termination of the study, baseline imbalances or differential diagnosis.