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. 2021 Sep 24;8:737505. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.737505

Table 1.

Characteristics of the study population categorized by occupational exposure to agrochemicals.

Factors Total population (%) Occupation P-value
Farming population (%) Non-farming population (%)
Sex Male 50.5 51.2 49.8 0.776
Female 49.4 48.7 50.1
Transgender 0.1 0.1 0.1
Age group 18–35 32.0 24.3 40.3 <0.05
36–50 34.0 37.4 30.3
51–65 24.2 27.3 20.7
>65 9.8 10.9 8.7
Occupation Farming 51.7 100.0 - -
Non-farming 48.3 - 100.0
Diabetes Self-reported 11.9 15.0 8.7 <0.001
Undiagnosed/no diabetes 88.1 85.0 91.3
Lifestyle risk factors
Alcohol intake Daily 6.5 6.6 6.3 0.786
Occasionally/formerly 11.4 13.2 9.7
Never 82.1 80.2 84.0
Smoking Daily 9.2 9.7 8.8 0.236
Occasionally/formerly 4.6 5.5 3.7
Never 86.1 84.8 87.4
Tobacco use Daily 7.2 7.4 7.1 0.845
Occasionally/formerly 4.5 5.7 3.3
Never 88.3 87 89.6
Metabolic risk factors
BMI Obesity 10.7 10.7 10.7 0.521
Normal 70.1 68.8 71.3
Underweight 19.2 20.5 18.0
Blood pressure Hypertension 12.0 14.6 9.5 <0.01
Undiagnosed/normal 88.0 85.4 90.5
Blood cholesterol Hypercholesterolemia 2.5 3.3 1.8 <0.01
Undiagnosed/normal 97.5 96.7 98.2
Agricultural occupational risk factors
Exposure to agrochemicals Pesticide applicator 11.8 23.8 - -
Agrochemical handler 7.5 14.5 -
Field worker 30.7 61.7 -
No direct exposure 50.0 - 100.0
Diabetes complications
CVDs Diagnosed CVDs 1.9 1.6 2.1 0.742
Undiagnosed/no CVDs 98.1 98.4 97.9
Kidney failure Diagnosed kidney failure 1.0 1.6 1.4 0.521
Undiagnosed/no 99.0 99.4 99.6
Cancer Diagnosed cancer 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.095
Undiagnosed/no cancer 99.7 99.8 99.7
Tuberculosis Diagnosed TB 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.082
Undiagnosed/no TB 99.8 99.1 99.8