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. 2021 Oct 8;12(12):3086–3100. doi: 10.1007/s12671-021-01772-9

Table 5.

Multilevel modeling results testing intervention effect on perceived stress

Model 3A Model 3B
Coefficient γ SE t value 95% LL 95% UL Coefficient γ SE t value 95% LL 95% UL
Intercept 2.78 0.08 34.67** 2.62 2.95 2.74 0.08 33.43** 2.57 2.90
Sophomorea 0.05 0.10 0.51  − 0.14 0.24 0.05 0.10 0.51  − 0.14 0.24
Juniora 0.07 0.07 0.90  − 0.08 0.21 0.07 0.07 0.91  − 0.08 0.21
Sex (male)  − 0.08 0.07  − 1.04  − 0.22 0.07 -0.08 0.07  − 1.04  − 0.22 0.07
Neuroticism 0.17 0.04 4.09** 0.09 0.25 0.17 0.04 4.10** 0.09 0.25
Extraversion 0.00 0.03  − 0.01  − 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.03  − 0.01  − 0.07 0.07
Trait mindfulness  − 0.11 0.05  − 2.40*  − 0.20  − 0.02  − 0.11 0.05  − 2.41*  − 0.20  − 0.02
Coronavirus worry 0.10 0.03 3.34** 0.04 0.16 0.10 0.03 3.33** 0.04 0.16
Time 0.001 0.01 0.08  − 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 2.07* 0.00 0.07
Intervention 0.002 0.07 0.04  − 0.13 0.14 0.10 0.07 1.29  − 0.05 0.25
Intervention × time  − 0.07 0.02  − 2.80**  − 0.11  − 0.02
 − 2LL deviance 281.4 279.6
Residual 0.084 0.008 10.31** 0.069 0.102 0.084 0.008 10.31** 0.069 0.102
Intercept variance 0.032 0.017 1.90ϯ 0.012 0.091 0.030 0.016 1.87 ϯ 0.011 0.086
Slope variance 0.005 0.002 2.60** 0.002 0.010 0.004 0.002 2.25* 0.002 0.009
Intercept-slope covariance  − 0.002 0.005  − 0.34  − 0.011 0.008 0.000 0.004  − 0.05  − 0.009 0.008

N = 69 (between subjects) and N = 355 (within subjects). LL/UL, lower/upper confidence interval limit

γ, multilevel regression coefficient, SE, standard error

Model 3A does not include the time × intervention coefficient, whereas Model 3B does

aReference group = senior

*p < .05; **p < .01; ϯp < .10