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. 2021 Sep 24;9:761302. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.761302

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

A peptide-based hydrogel named RADA16 provides a feasible method for the leakage problem encountered by local injection of BMP-2 in the treatment of femoral head necrosis (Vandermeer et al., 2011; Phipps et al., 2016). (A) Radiograph and histological analysis showed heterotopic ossification after local intraosseous administration of ibandronate and BMP-2 (Vandermeer et al., 2011). (B) Distribution of different concentrations of RADA16/radiocontrast mixture in the femoral head (Phipps et al., 2016). (C) Intraosseous needle introduced in the central region of the femoral head by transphyseal approach for RADA16/radiocontrast infusion (Phipps et al., 2016). (D) Micro-CT images showing different amount of backflow of radiocontrast solution down the needle track. Bar graph showing percentage of needle track with radiocontrast backflow after the removal of the needle (Phipps et al., 2016). Reproduced with permission (Vandermeer et al., 2011). Copyright 2011, LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. Reproduced with permission (Phipps et al., 2016). Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society.