Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics. BD-NOS: Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified.
| *p < .05 | Patients | Healthy participants | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics (min – max) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |
| N (males) | 27 (11) | 27 (11) | |
| Age | 39.7 (8.95) | 40 (8.6) | |
| Level of education (yrs) | 13.1 (3.1) | 13.96 (3.2) | |
| Laterality (not right-handed) | 20 (7) | 21 (6) | |
| MADRS (0–33) | 13.5 (8.9) | 2 (1.8) * | |
| Young (0–11) | 2.3 (2.9) | 0.5 (0.9) * | |
| Hamilton Anxiety (0–36) | 12.7 (7.5) | 3.2 (2.5) * | |
| RRS (22–82) | 55.4 (11.5) | 34.9 (10.4) * | |
| Brooding (5–20) | 12.4 (3.2) | 8.2 (2.5) * | |
| Mean age of onset | 24.9 (12.2) | ||
| Mean duration of disease | 14.8 (9.6) | ||
| Number of episodes: | |||
| 1–4 episodes | 8 | ||
| 5–10 episodes | 10 | ||
| >10 episodes | 9 | ||
| Diagnostic | Patients (N) |
|---|---|
| MDD | 7 |
| BD-I | 6 |
| BD-II | 11 |
| BD-NOS | 3 |
| Comorbidities | |
| Anxiety Dis | 13 |
| Borderline | 7 |
| ADHD | 2 |
| Episode | |
| depressive | 10 |
| euthymic | 10 |
| hypomanic | 2 |
| << mixed >> | 5 |