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. 2021 Sep 24;12:738481. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738481

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Copyright © 2021 Palmroth, Kuuliala, Peltomaa, Virtanen, Kuuliala, Kurttila, Kinnunen, Leirisalo-Repo, Silvennoinen and Isomäki

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Means and 95% confidence intervals of total (A) STAT1 and (B) STAT3 protein expression level in monocytes (Mo), CD4⁺ T cells (CD4⁺ T), CD4^- T cells (CD4^- T) and B cells and mRNA expression levels of (C) STAT, (D) JAK and (E) SOCS genes in PBMCs at baseline (filled symbols) and after 3-month treatment with tofacitinib and csDMARDs (open symbols). p-values comparing 0 and 3 months are calculated by Wilcoxon test. Significant differences are marked with an asterisk: *p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, p***≤ 0.001. CIS1, cytokine-inducible SH2 domain-containing protein; csDMARD, conventional systemic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; SOCS, suppressor of cytokine signaling; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription.