Table 1.

The characteristics of the virucidal effectiveness of the tested compounds in the in vitro studies.

Investigated compounds	Minimal incubation period	Virucidal effecta	Compounds with virucidal effect	Ref No.
CHX, EOs, HP, PVP-I, dequalinium chloride, octenidine dihydrochloride, polyhexanide	30 s	Undetectable	EOs, PVP-I, dequalinium chloride	24
CPC, EOs, HP, PVP-I	30 s	≥99.9%	CPC, EOs, PVP-I	19
PVP-I	60 s	≥99.99%	PVP-I	20
PVP-I	15 s	≥99.99%	PVP-I	22
CHX, octenidine dihydrochloride	15 s	≥99.99%	octenidine dihydrochloride	35
CHX, PVP-I	30 s	≥99.8%	CHX, PVP-I	21
CHX, CPC, delmopinol hydrochloride	20 s	≥99.9%	CPC	29
CHX, EOs, HP, PVP-I, potassium oxalate, hypochlorous acid	60 s	≥99.99%	EOs, PVP-I, hypochlorous acid	23
CPC	2 min	99.9%	CPC	28

Abbreviations: CHX: chlorhexidine; CPC: cetylpyridinium chloride; EOs: essential oils; HP: hydrogen peroxide; PVP-I: povidone-iodine.

^aBased on the measurement from tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50) assay. The standard of EN14476 defined the virucidal efficacy success as at least a 4 log₁₀ reduction (≥99.99% virus inactivation) relative to the virus recovery control.