Table 2.

The characteristics of the virucidal effectiveness of the tested compounds in the clinical studies.

Investigated compounds	Analyzed participants	Rinsing protocol	Summary of results	Ref No.
HP	10	30 s	Viral load was not significantly reduced in oropharyngeal specimens of patients after 30 min.	37
CHX, CPC, PVP-I, water (control)	16	30 s	Viral load was significantly reduced in saliva in CPC group at 5 min and 6 h and in PVP-I group at 6 h.	25
PVP-I, no intervention (control)	24	4/day for 5 days	PVP-I had no significant influence on changes of viral load in the nasopharyngeal swabs over 7 days.	26
CHX, no intervention (control)	121	30 s, 2/day for 4 days	Virus was eliminated from oropharynx in 62.1% patients in CHX group (5.5% in control).	36
HP, water with mint essence (control)	35	30 s, 3/day for 7 days	HP did not significantly reduce the length of hospital stay or COVID-19 related symptoms.	38
hydrocortisone	34	1 min	Viral load in pharyngeal swabs was significantly reduced after 5 min, and the reduction was persistent for 6 h in 90% patients	42
bioflavonoids, placebo	176	1 min, 3/day for 7 days	Compared with placebo, viral load in saliva was significantly reduced in bioflavonoids group after 4 min at the first day and was modest reduced until 7 days.	40
CHX, CPC, HP, CHX + HP, water (control)	36	30–60 s	Viral load in saliva was significantly reduced up to 60 min in CHX and CPC groups and up to 30 min in HP group.	30

Abbreviations: CHX: chlorhexidine; CPC: cetylpyridinium chloride; HP: hydrogen peroxide; PVP-I: povidone-iodine.