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. 2021 Oct 8;279(2):825–834. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-07105-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Average particle number and size distribution of measured particles when using cold instruments, microdebrider, and CO₂ laser. Average size distribution of particles and average fractions of these aerosols in different size ranges compared with background and coughing when using cold instruments (A), microdebrider (B), and CO₂ laser (C), expressed as mean and 95% confidence intervals. D_p refers to diameters of the observed particles, and dN/dlogD_p is the concentration expressed as particles per cubic centimeter