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. 2021 Apr 6;45(5):fuab018. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuab018

Table 2.

Details of studies that address the effects of antibiotic treatment on the human gut microbiota.

Reference Country N Subjectsa N Samplesb Treatmentc Lengthd
(De La Cochetière et al. 2005) Francee 6 [0] 1; 1–4; 2 AMX, 3×500 mg [5 days] 55
(Jernberg et al. 2007) Swedene 4 [4] 1; 1; 7 CLI, 4×150 mg [7 days] ∼730
(Dethlefsen et al. 2008) USAe 3 [0] 2-4; 1–2; 2 CIP, 2×500 mg [5 days] 175
(Jakobsson et al. 2010) Swedene 3 [3] 1; 1; 2 MTR, 2×400 mg; CIP, 2×250 mg; OME, 2×20 mg [7 days] ∼1460
(Dethlefsen and Relman 2011) USA 3 [0] 11; 5; 20–24; 4–5; 10–12f CIP, 2×500 mg [5 days] 37-103
(Morotomi et al. 2011) Japan 5 [29] 0-1; 0–1; 0–2 Various, 150–3000 mg [1-8 days] 0-20
(Bajaj et al. 2013) USA 20 [0] 1; 1; 0 RFX, 2×550 mg [∼56 days] 0
(O'Sullivan et al. 2013) Ireland 42 [143]g 1g Various, Not Specified ≤31
(Pérez-Cobas et al. 2013b) Germany 1 [0] 1; 4; 1 SAM + CFZ, Not Specified [14 days] 26
(Arat et al. 2015) USAe 46 [15] 1; 1; 0 GSK, 500–3000 mg [1-4 days] 0
(Ladirat et al. 2014) Netherlands 10 [0] 2; 2; 0–4 AMX, 3×375 mg [5 days] 21
(Panda et al. 2014) Spaine 21 [0] 1; 1; 0 Various, Not Specified [7 days] 0
(Abeles et al. 2015) USAe 4 [5] 0; 3; 0 Various, Not Specified [≥42 days] 0
(Heinsen et al. 2015) Germanye 5 [0] 1; 1; 1 PMM, 4000 mg [3 days] 43
(Rashid et al. 2015) Swedene 19 [10] 1; 1; 3–4 CIP, 2×500 mg; CLI 4×150 mg [10 days] ∼356
(Stewardson et al. 2015) Switzerland 22 [20] 1; 1; 1 Various, Various [Not Specified] ∼28
(Willmann et al. 2015) Germany 2 [0] 1; 3; 2 CIP, 2×500 mg [6 days] 28
(Zaura et al. 2015) UK and Sweden 43 [23] 1; 1; 4 Various, Various [5-10 days]] ∼356
(Raymond et al. 2016) Canada 18 [6] 1; 1; 1 CPR, 2×500 mg [7 days] 90
(Wipperman et al. 2017) Haiti 38 [101]g 1g HRZE, Not Specified [≥∼183 days] 34-1202
(MacPherson et al. 2018) Canadae 70 [0] 1; 1; 2 AMX, 875 mg; CLA 125 mg [7 days] ∼14
(Suez et al. 2018) Israele 21 [25] 7; 7; 14 CIP, 2×500 mg; MTR, 3×500 mg [7 days] 180
(Dubinsky et al. 2020) Israel 33 [16] 75 / 159h Various, Various, [14-4646 days] Various
a

‘N subjects’ column shows the number of treated subjects covered by the study, followed by the number of untreated controls in square brackets.

b

‘N samples’ column shows the number of samples taken from each subject, with samples taken before, during and after treatment separated by semicolons.

c

‘Treatment’ column shows the antibiotic treatment administered to the subjects, listing first the drug, then the daily dose, then the length of the course in square brackets. Drug codes used are: AMX/Amoxicillin, CLI/Clindamycin, CIP/Ciprofloxacin, MTR/Metronidazole, OME/Omeprazole, RFX/Rifaximin, SAM/Ampicillin-Sulbactam, CFZ/Cefazolin, GSK/GSK1322322, PMM/Paromomycin, CPR/Cefprozil, HRZE/Isoniazid-Rifampin-Pyrazinamide-Ethambutol, CLA/Clavulanic Acid.

d

‘Length’ column shows the length of the study, shown as the number of days between the end of treatment and the last sample collected.

e

Location inferred from author locations and locations of ethical approval.

f

Study encompassed two courses of antibiotic treatment, and samples are listed in the format: before treatment; during first treatment; interval; during second treatment; after treatment.

g

Study used cross-sectional experimental design, so each subject was only sampled once.

h

Study collected a widely different number of samples from each subject, for a total of 75 antibiotic associated and 159 non-associated samples.