Table 3.
Summary of medicinal plants and phytochemicals used to treat male ED using nanoparticles
| Plant or compound name | Nanoparticles used | Experiment model | Route and dosage of administration | Significant findings | Year | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curcumin or diferuloylmethane | Nanoparticles | Diabetes-induced ED rats (Zucker diabetic fatty male rats) | Topical 4 mg. | Enhance ICP/BP ratio and improvement of erectile function. | 2018 | Draganski et al79 |
| Myricitrin or myricetin-3-0-α-rhamnoside |
Solid lipid nanoparticles | Diabetes-induced ED mice (Naval Medical Research male mice) | Intraperitoneal injection 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg. |
Upsurge in plasma levels of SOD, CAT, and total antioxidant activity. Upsurge in levels of plasma FSH, LH, and testosterone, as well as spermatogenesis. Prevents oxidative stress, reduction of antioxidant activity, diabetes-induced ED. |
2019 | Oroojan et al71 |
| Panax ginseng | Poly-lactic-co-glycolytic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles | Albino male rats | Intragastric administration 4, 10, 20 mg/kg. |
Rejuvenation of pituitary gland and improvement of LH, FSH, and testosterone secretion. | 2015 | Linjawi86 |