Table 12.

Age-dependent awareness and perceptions of air pollution

Age ranges	Yes		No		p-value*	χ2
	n	%	n	%
Smoke prevention in public areas/ restricted to smoke designated areas
16–20	1217	93.1	90	6.9	0.000a	34.9
21–25	655	94.0	42	6.0
26–30	1326	95.6	61	4.4
31–35	429	89.7	49	10.3
≥ 36	131	86.2	21	13.8
Air pollution is linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases/disorders
16–20	961	73.5	346	26.5	0.000a	67.59
21–25	499	71.6	198	28.4
26–30	1089	78.5	298	21.5
31–35	416	87.0	62	13.0
≥ 36	139	91.4	13	8.6
Pakistan’s growth in GDP affecting the environment, is it acceptable/affordable?
16–20	591	45.2	716	54.8	0.000a	214.18
21–25	209	30.0	488	70.0
26–30	320	23.1	1067	76.9
31–35	111	23.2	367	76.8
≥ 36	13	8.6	139	91.4
Aware of different toxic substances such as CO, SO2, NO2, PM, etc
16–20	724	55.4	583	44.6	0.000a	160.51
21–25	398	57.1	299	42.9
26–30	901	65.0	486	35.0
31–35	381	79.7	97	20.3
≥ 36	141	92.8	11	7.2

^*Bold value represents p-value < 0.05

^ap-value < αaltered (significant after Bonferroni adjustment)