Table 5.

Gender- and district-dependent physical effects of air pollution on the respondents

Gender	Always		Often		Sometimes		Rarely		Never		p-value*	χ2
	n	%	n	%	N	%	n	%	n	%
Felt effects of air pollution
Male	1825	77.7	411	17.5	102	4.3	8	0.3	3	0.1	0.000a	63.00
Female	1144	68.4	457	27.3	71	4.2	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sneezing, runny nose, dry throat, or eye Irritation
Male	671	28.6	1057	45.0	561	23.9	56	2.4	4	0.2	0.000a	161.72
Female	587	35.1	907	54.2	175	10.5	3	0.2	0	0.0
Breath shortening or reduced lung function
Male	283	12.0	321	13.7	987	42.0	521	22.2	237	10.1	0.000a	102.67
Female	324	19.4	311	18.6	651	38.9	317	19.0	69	4.1
Coughing or wheezing
Male	74	3.2	571	24.3	746	31.8	847	36.1	111	4.7	0.000a	680.05
Female	153	9.2	838	50.1	571	34.2	99	5.9	11	0.7
Headache and dizziness
Male	177	7.5	540	23.0	361	15.4	993	42.3	278	11.8	0.000a	1217.6
Female	213	12.7	658	39.4	756	45.2	31	1.9	14	0.8
Reduced energy level
Male	67	2.9	273	11.6	220	9.4	549	23.4	1240	52.8	0.000a	952.88
Female	186	11.1	357	21.4	489	29.2	496	29.7	144	8.6
Sleep deprivation or sleeping disorders
Male	340	14.5	996	42.4	780	33.2	181	7.7	52	2.2	0.000a	290.15
Female	209	12.5	1114	66.6	324	19.4	14	0.8	11	0.7
Adverse physical effects reported by the respondents across the studied districts
Dir (Lower)	1367	17.2	2321	29.2	1689	21.3	1711	21.6	850	10.7	0.000a	2416.74
Dir (Upper)	1034	17.8	1234	21.2	1735	29.8	1234	21.2	587	10.1
Chitral	763	26.1	798	27.3	987	33.8	201	6.9	170	5.8
Swat	1675	24.2	2756	39.9	1604	23.2	578	8.4	296	4.3
Buner	876	29.9	921	31.5	540	18.5	357	12.2	232	7.9
Shangla	538	33.0	781	47.9	239	14.7	34	2.1	39	2.4
Total responses	6253	22.2	8811	31.3	6794	24.1	4115	14.6	2174	7.7	28,147

^*Bold value represents p-value < 0.05

^ap-value < αaltered (significant after Bonferroni adjustment)