Table 3.
Treatment effects on outcome measures
| Spironolactone | Chlorthalidone | Adjusted Effect Difference (95% Confidence Interval) | P Value | |||
| Outcome | Week 0 | Week 40 | Week 0 | Week 40 | ||
| Primary outcome variable, n (%) | ||||||
| Left ventricular mass (g) | 131 (28) | 124 (24) | 124 (33) | 122 (37) | −3.8 (−8.1 to 0.5) | 0.08 |
| Change in LV mass | — | −9 (11) | — | −4 (12) | ||
| Left ventricular mass index (g/m2) | 66 (12) | 62 (11) | 64 (14) | 63 (15) | −1.5 (−3.8 to 0.7) | 0.2 |
| Change in LV mass index | — | −4 (6) | — | −2 (7) | ||
| Secondary outcome variables, n (%) | ||||||
| cfPWV (m/s) | 7.4 (1.8) | 7.3 (1.9) | 7.6 (2.2) | 7.50 (2.0) | 0.04 (−0.4 to 0.5) | 0.9 |
| Change in cfPWV | — | 0.02 (1.3) | — | −0.16 (1.5) | ||
| Serum potassium (mEq/L) | 4.4 (0.4) | 4.6 (0.4) | 4.5 (0.3) | 4.2 (0.4) | 0.45 (0.32 to 0.58) | <0.01 |
| Change in serum potassium | — | 0.2 (0.5) | — | −0.3 (0.4) | ||
| Office systolic BP (mm Hg) | 134 (11) | 124 (15) | 136 (14) | 127 (14) | −3 (−7 to 2) | 0.3 |
| Change in systolic BP | — | −10 (15) | — | −9 (16) | ||
| Office diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 82 (8) | 76 (11) | 81 (10) | 78 (8) | −2 (−5 to 0) | 0.1 |
| Change in diastolic BP | — | −6 (9) | — | −3 (10) | ||
| Left ventricular function (strain %) | −15.9 (2.1) | −15.8 (2.5) | −15.6 (2.7) | −15.4 (2.5) | 0.05 (−0.9 to 1.0) | 0.9 |
| Change in strain | — | −0.1 (2.3) | — | −0.2 (2.6) | ||
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 52 (16) | 50 (17) | 57 (15) | 53 (17) | 2 (−1 to 4) | 0.3 |
| Change in eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | — | −2 (8) | — | −5 (8) | ||
| Exploratory outcomes, n (%) | ||||||
| AIx @75 (%) | 23.3 (11.3) | 24.0 (11.2) | 25.8 (10.8) | 23.5 (11.6) | 1.9 (−0.8 to 4.7) | 0.2 |
| 24 h central systolic BP (mm Hg)a | 116 (9) | 111 (11) | 117 (13) | 110 (12) | 2 (−2 to 6) | 0.3 |
| 24 h central diastolic BP (mm Hg)a | 80 (8) | 77 (9) | 81 (10) | 76 (9) | 1 (−1 to 4) | 0.3 |
| 24 h peripheral systolic BP (mm Hg)a | 127 (11) | 122 (13) | 128 (13) | 121 (14) | 2 (−2 to 6) | 0.3 |
| 24 h peripheral diastolic BP (mm Hg)a | 79 (8) | 75 (9) | 80 (9) | 75 (8) | 1 (−1 to 4) | 0.3 |
| UACR (mg/mmol)b | 6 (1–39) | 5 (2–18) | 5 (2–49) | 2 (1–17) | 2 (1 to 3)b | 0.05 |
| LVEF (%) | 74 (6) | 74 (7) | 73 (6) | 72 (7) | 0 (−2 to 2) | 0.7 |
| NTpro BNP (ng/L)b | 74 (41–161) | 78 (38–171) | 114 (39–189) | 66 (31–162) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4)b | 0.2 |
Values are mean (SD) for parametric data otherwise median and (interquartile range). Significance P<0.05; chlorthalidone is the reference group. LV, left ventricular; cfPWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave analysis; AIx @75, augmentation index corrected for a heart rate of 75 beats per minute; UACR, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NTpro BNP, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide.
a
BP values given are derived from 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring.
b
Data were logged before analysis then exponentiated, so the adjusted effect size for these outcomes is the ratio of geometric means.