Table 1.

Adolescent characteristics by screen time (hours per weekday) from the 2018 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) dataset

	Screen time (hours per weekday)
	Less than 1		1		2		3		4 or more		X² P-Value

Characteristics	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Individual characteristics
Sex
Male	176	3.08	506	8.86	1615	28.28	1435	25.13	1978	34.64	0.006
Female	186	3.66	544	10.7	1420	27.93	1254	24.67	1680	33.04
Race/Ethnicity
Hispanic	50	4.13	123	10.15	320	26.40	291	24.01	428	35.31	<0.001
White, Non-Hispanic	225	2.95	756	9.92	2218	29.11	1931	25.34	2490	32.68
Black, Non-Hispanic	32	4.48	52	7.28	163	22.83	174	24.37	293	41.04
Asian, Non-Hispanic	26	4.90	66	12.43	146	27.50	109	20.53	184	34.65
Other, Non-Hispanic	29	4.04	53	7.39	188	26.22	184	25.66	263	36.68
Family characteristics
Primary language spoken at home
English	314	3.11	969	9.61	2855	28.31	2526	25.04	3422	33.93	<0.001
Other	44	6.70	77	11.72	166	25.27	148	22.53	222	33.79
Household generation
1 st generation	9	3.81	25	10.59	57	24.15	63	26.69	82	34.75	<0.001
2nd generation	68	4.64	162	11.06	405	27.65	332	22.66	498	33.99
3rd generation	252	2.98	810	9.59	2423	28.67	2132	25.23	2833	33.53
Other	28	5.48	41	8.02	119	23.29	128	25.05	195	38.16
Family structure
Two Parents	236	3.39	765	10.98	2067	29.68	1737	24.94	2160	31.01	<0.001
Two Parents (step-parent)	23	2.43	67	7.08	242	25.58	205	21.67	409	43.23
Single Parent	72	3.10	172	7.41	598	25.75	599	25.80	881	37.94
Grandparent	14	4.46	21	6.69	74	23.57	83	26.43	122	38.85
Other	5	4.10	12	9.84	24	19.67	34	27.87	47	38.52
Socioeconomic status
Poverty status (FPL^a)
0–99% FPL	69	5.82	113	9.53	274	23.10	293	24.70	437	36.85	<0.001
100–199% FPL	63	3.70	151	8.87	466	27.36	406	23.84	617	36.23
200–399% FPL	109	3.38	282	8.73	895	27.72	816	25.27	1127	34.90
400% FPL or greater	121	2.59	504	10.78	1400	29.94	1174	25.11	1477	31.59
Insurance type
Private	76	4.15	152	8.29	448	24.44	464	25.31	693	37.81	<0.001
Public	218	2.78	787	10.03	2294	29.25	1978	25.22	2566	32.72
Both Private and Public	17	3.96	29	6.76	123	28.67	99	23.08	161	37.53
Uninsured	41	7.66	64	11.96	128	23.93	120	22.43	182	34.02
Parent education
Less than high school	27	7.99	32	9.47	77	22.78	77	22.78	125	36.98	<0.001
High school	53	3.31	130	8.12	402	25.11	413	25.80	603	37.66
High school or higher	282	3.18	888	10.03	2556	28.87	2199	24.83	2930	33.09
Individual characteristics
Sex
Male	176	48.62	506	48.19	1615	53.21	1435	53.37	1978	54.07	0.006
Female	186	51.38	544	51.81	1420	46.79	1254	46.63	1680	45.93
Race/Ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	225	62.15	756	72	2218	73.08	1931	71.81	2490	68.07	<0.001
Other	137	37.85	294	28	817	26.92	758	28.19	1168	31.93
Family characteristics
Primary language spoken at home
English	314	87.71	969	92.64	2855	94.51	2526	94.47	3422	93.91	<0.001
Other	44	12.29	77	7.36	166	5.49	148	5.53	222	6.09
Household generation
1 st generation	9	2.52	25	2.41	57	1.9	63	2.37	82	2.27	<0.001
2nd generation	68	19.05	162	15.61	405	13.48	332	12.5	498	13.8
3rd generation	252	70.59	810	78.03	2423	80.66	2132	80.3	2833	78.52
Other	28	7.84	41	3.95	119	3.96	128	4.82	195	5.4
Family structure
Two Parents	236	67.43	765	73.77	2067	68.79	1737	65.35	2160	59.68	<0.001
Two Parents (step-parent)	23	6.57	67	6.46	242	8.05	205	7.71	409	11.3
Single Parent	72	20.57	172	16.59	598	19.9	599	22.54	881	24.34
Grandparent	14	4	21	2.03	74	2.46	83	3.12	122	3.37
Other	5	1.43	12	1.16	24	0.8	34	1.28	47	1.3
Socioeconomic status
Poverty status (FPL^a)
0–99% FPL	69	19.06	113	10.76	274	9.03	293	10.9	437	11.95	<0.001
100–199% FPL	63	17.4	151	14.38	466	15.35	406	15.1	617	16.87
200–399% FPL	109	30.11	282	26.86	895	29.49	816	30.35	1127	30.81
400% FPL or greater	121	33.43	504	48	1400	46.13	1174	43.66	1477	40.38	<0.001
Insurance type
Private	76	21.59	152	14.73	448	14.97	464	17.44	693	19.24
Public	218	61.93	787	76.26	2294	76.65	1978	74.33	2566	71.24
Both Private and Public	17	4.83	29	2.81	123	4.11	99	3.72	161	4.47
Uninsured	41	11.65	64	6.2	128	4.28	120	4.51	182	5.05
Parent education
Less than high school	27	7.46	32	3.05	77	2.54	77	2.86	125	3.42	<0.001
High school	53	14.64	130	12.38	402	13.25	413	15.36	603	16.48
High school or higher	282	77.9	888	84.57	2556	84.22	2199	81.78	2930	80.1

Abbreviation: FPL, federal poverty level