Table 4.
Definitive evening-types | Moderate evening-types | Intermediate-types | Moderate morning-types | Definitive morning-types | Pa | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sleep per night in hours | <0.001 | |||||
Decreased | 31.2 | 28.3 | 22.8 | 26.6 | 27.9 | |
Unchanged | 23.4 | 31.4 | 47.8 | 40.8 | 46.7 | |
Increased | 45.4 | 40.3 | 29.4 | 32.6 | 25.5 | |
Sleep per 24 h in hours | <0.001 | |||||
Decreased | 25.3 | 25.4 | 24.8 | 27.5 | 28.7 | |
Unchanged | 25.3 | 31.2 | 44.7 | 38.7 | 43.7 | |
Increased | 49.3 | 43.4 | 30.6 | 33.8 | 27.5 | |
Bedtime on working days | <0.001 | |||||
Earlier | 9.5 | 9.8 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 10.4 | |
Unchanged | 24.2 | 38.6 | 58.0 | 48.7 | 53.1 | |
Later | 66.3 | 51.6 | 33.4 | 43.9 | 36.5 | |
Wake-up time at working days | <0.001 | |||||
Earlier | 14.6 | 13.6 | 15.4 | 17.1 | 19.9 | |
Unchanged | 19.2 | 25.2 | 39.3 | 31.7 | 40.2 | |
Later | 66.2 | 61.1 | 45.3 | 51.2 | 39.9 | |
Bedtime on free days | <0.001 | |||||
Earlier | 9.7 | 10.9 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 12.3 | |
Unchanged | 33.4 | 40.0 | 56.4 | 48.3 | 50.9 | |
Later | 56.8 | 49.1 | 32.5 | 40.6 | 36.8 | |
Wake-up time on free days | <0.001 | |||||
Earlier | 20.5 | 21.5 | 19.4 | 22.5 | 22.9 | |
Unchanged | 30.7 | 38.3 | 52.7 | 45.2 | 49.1 | |
Later | 48.8 | 40.2 | 28.0 | 32.3 | 28.0 | |
Midpoint of sleep at working days | <0.001 | |||||
Earlier | 11.5 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 11.5 | 12.8 | |
Unchanged | 15.2 | 26.2 | 40.3 | 32.5 | 42.3 | |
Later | 73.3 | 61.5 | 47.6 | 56.0 | 44.9 | |
Midpoint of sleep at free days | <0.001 | |||||
Earlier | 18.8 | 21.8 | 16.3 | 20.2 | 20.5 | |
Unchanged | 21.2 | 30.2 | 46.4 | 36.6 | 36.1 | |
Later | 60.0 | 48.0 | 37.3 | 43.2 | 43.4 | |
Poor sleep quality | <0.001 | |||||
Decreased | 15.8 | 16.2 | 11.7 | 13.4 | 10.9 | |
Unchanged | 36.5 | 41.9 | 58.6 | 46.7 | 50.5 | |
Increased | 47.7 | 42.0 | 29.7 | 39.9 | 38.6 | |
Sleep onset problems | <0.001 | |||||
Decreased | 11.9 | 12.8 | 9.4 | 10.4 | 9.0 | |
Unchanged | 43.0 | 45.1 | 62.2 | 53.6 | 58.3 | |
Increased | 45.2 | 42.1 | 28.4 | 36.0 | 32.7 | |
Sleep maintenance problems | <0.001 | |||||
Decreased | 10.2 | 9.6 | 8.8 | 9.8 | 9.1 | |
Unchanged | 53.1 | 57.3 | 66.3 | 56.9 | 58.7 | |
Increased | 36.7 | 33.1 | 24.9 | 33.3 | 32.2 | |
Early morning awakening | <0.001 | |||||
Decreased | 13.9 | 11.9 | 8.7 | 10.3 | 10.7 | |
Unchanged | 55.0 | 57.1 | 69.0 | 59.5 | 59.9 | |
Increased | 31.1 | 30.9 | 22.3 | 30.2 | 29.4 | |
Hypnotics use | <0.001 | |||||
Decreased | 3.9 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 2.0 | |
Unchanged | 86.5 | 92.1 | 92.3 | 92.2 | 90.6 | |
Increased | 9.6 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 7.4 | |
Excessive sleepiness | <0.001 | |||||
Decreased | 19.9 | 19.0 | 13.7 | 16.8 | 12.3 | |
Unchanged | 43.9 | 48.7 | 63.7 | 53.1 | 58.6 | |
Increased | 36.3 | 32.3 | 22.6 | 30.1 | 29.1 | |
Fatigue | <0.001 | |||||
Decreased | 21.3 | 19.8 | 15.8 | 19.2 | 13.6 | |
Unchanged | 39.6 | 46.3 | 59.8 | 50.3 | 55.2 | |
Increased | 39.1 | 33.9 | 24.3 | 30.5 | 31.2 | |
Nightmares | <0.001 | |||||
Decreased | 7.0 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 5.2 | |
Unchanged | 54.3 | 62.5 | 73.1 | 66.7 | 68.9 | |
Increased | 38.7 | 31.8 | 21.6 | 27.0 | 25.9 |
a Difference between circadian types were analyzed with chi-square tests.