Table 1.

Difference-in-differences (DiD) estimates of impacts of COVID-19 on doctor-certified sick leave from 12–1 weeks before polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 to 1–4, 5–8 and 9–12 weeks after as well as 13–24 weeks after polymerase chain reaction tests

	Women 20–44		Women 45–70		Men 20–44		Men 45–70
Weeks before PCR test	B (95% CI)	% relative diff. (95% CI)	B (95% CI)	% relative diff. (95% CI)	B (95% CI)	% relative diff. (95% CI)	B (95% CI)	% relative diff. (95% CI)
Mild disease
1–4	11.5 (11.1, 11.97)	508 (488, 528)	17.3 (16.6, 18.0)	646 (620, 673)	8.33 (8.0, 8.67)	684 (657, 711)	11.49 (11.0, 12.0)	708 (676, 740)
5–8	0.9 (0.6, 1.19)	40 (27, 52)	3.1 (2.6, 3.5)	114 (97, 131)	0.07 (−0.1, 0.25)	5 (−10, 21)	0.76 (0.5, 1.1)	47 (29, 65)
9–12	−0.1 (−0.4, 0.13)	−6 (−17, 6)	0.8 (0.4, 1.2)	29 (15, 43)	−0.49 (−0.7, −0.32)	−40 (−54, −26)	−0.08 (−0.3, 0.2)	−5 (−21, 11)
16–24	−0.2 (−0.4, 0.04)	−7 (−16, 2)	0.5 (0.3, 0.8)	20 (9, 30)	−0.15 (−0.3, −0.01)	−12 (−23, −1)	0.02 (−0.2, 0.2)	1 (−11, 14)
Severe disease
1–4	12.2 (8.5, 15.8)	537 (375, 698)	20.6 (17.1, 24.2)	771 (638, 904)	16.5 (12.9, 20.1)	1353 (1059, 1647)	15.4 (13.3, 17.5)	948 (819, 1078)
5–8	3.7 (0.5, 6.9)	162 (21, 303)	9.1 (6.2, 12.0)	340 (232, 448)	4.4 (1.9, 7.0)	365 (152, 577)	7.9 (6.1, 9.7)	488 (379, 597)
9–12	0.1 (−2.4, 2.7)	6 (−107, 119)	4.3 (2.0, 6.6)	160 (73, 247)	2.6 (0.4, 4.7)	211 (32, 389)	3.5 (2.0, 4.9)	213 (126, 300)
16–24	−1.7 (−3.8, 0.3)	−77 (−168, 15)	0.5 (−1.0, 2.1)	20 (−38, 79)	0.8 (−0.7, 2.4)	69 (−57, 194)	0.7 (−0.2, 1.6)	42 (−14, 98)

The DiD estimates (B) capture the change in health care use from 12–1 weeks before polymerase chain reaction test to 1–4, 5–8 and 9–12 weeks after as well as 13–24 weeks after polymerase chain reaction test for patients with mild or severe COVID-19 compared with the change over the same period for patients for patients with no COVID-19, by age and sex groups