Table 4.

Crude and adjusted effect of RAS, ACEi and ARB use on main outcomes in COVID-19-infected patients

	RAS users versus non-users [HR (95% CI)]	P-value	ACEi users versus non-users [HR (95% CI)]	P-value	ARB users versus non-users [HR (95% CI)]	P-value
Hospitalization
Crude	1.39 (1.27–1.51)	<0.001	1.33 (1.20–1.46)	<0.001	1.49 (1.33–1.66)	<0.001
Adjusted	1.22 (1.12–1.34)	<0.001	1.22 (1.10–1.35)	<0.001	1.20 (1.07–1.34)	0.002
Matched	1.14 (0.98–1.33)	0.097	1.18 (0.97–1.44)	0.100	1.08 (0.84–1.39)	0.559
Death
Crude	0.65 (0.56–0.76)	<0.001	0.60 (0.50–0.71)	<0.001	0.75 (0.62–0.91)	0.004
Adjusted	0.69 (0.59–0.82)	<0.001	0.66 (0.54–0.80)	<0.001	0.75 (0.61–0.93)	0.008
Matched	0.79 (0.60–1.04)	0.095	0.67 (0.46–0.96)	0.030	1.00 (0.66–1.53)	1
Severe episode
Crude	1.66 (1.31–2.13)	<0.001	1.60 (1.23–2.09)	<0.001	1.77 (1.33–2.37)	<0.001
Adjusted	1.36 (1.07–1.75)	0.015	1.30 (0.99–1.71)	0.058	1.41 (1.05–1.91)	0.024
Matched	1.26 (0.83–1.93)	0.282	0.96 (0.56–1.65)	0.891	2 (0.97–4.12)	0.061
Death or severe episode
Crude	0.83 (0.73–0.95)	0.005	0.77 (0.66–0.90)	0.001	0.93 (0.78–1.10)	0.383
Adjusted	0.80 (0.69–0.92)	0.001	0.77 (0.66–0.91)	0.002	0.85 (0.71–1.02)	0.077
Matched	0.91 (0.71–1.15)	0.426	0.76 (0.56–1.05)	0.095	1.16 (0.80–1.68)	0.446

HR, hazard ratio.