Table 2.

Evolution of routine RV and LV parameters from acute disease to recovery

	Acute disease N = 80 3 mechanical ventilation 1 ECMO	Recovery period N = 80 0 mechanical ventilation 0 ECMO	Paired P-value	Normal values	Threshold deviating, N (%)
LV parameters
Ejection fraction (EF) (%)	57.6 ± 6	58.9 ± 5	0.02	M ≥ 52%	M < 52%; F < 54%
				F ≥ 54%	8 (10)
LVEDD index (mm/m2)	23 ± 3	23.7 ± 4	0.16	M 22–30	M < 22; F < 23
				F 23–31	25 (31)
LVESD index (mm/m2)	15.2 ± 3	15.3 ± 3	0.50	M 13–21	M < 13; F < 13
				F 13–21	17 (21)
E wave (m/s)	60.1 ± 15	62.0 ± 15	0.46	0.67 ± 0.14	11 (14)
A wave (m/s)	59.9 ± 16	58.7 ± 16	0.24	0.60 + 0.17	15 (19)
E/A ratio	1.07 ± 0.4	1.11 ± 0.4	0.26	1.3 (0.8–2.0)	0.8–2.0
					12 (15)
e′ septal (cm/s)	6.9 ± 3	6.8 ± 2	0.64	10.3 + 3.0	<7
					40 (50)
e′ lateral (cm/s)	9.2 ± 4	8.6 ± 3	0.20	13.5 + 4.0	<10
					39 (49)
E/e′ average	8.0 ± 3	8.6 ± 3	0.41	6.8 + 2.1	>14
					4 (5)
LA volume index	29.4 ± 9	28.7 ± 13	0.91	M 25.1 ± 7	≥34
				F 24.5 ± 6.4	10 (12)
Stroke volume index	32.7 ± 9	31.4 ± 8	0.31	33–47	≤35
					42 (53)
Cardiac index	2.4 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.6	0.17	2.5–4	<2.5
					43 (54)
RV parameters
Right atrium (RA) pressure (mmHg)	7.6 ± 4	6.2 ± 2	0.01	>5	>5
					12 (15)
RVEDA index (cm2/m2)	11.6 ± 2	10.3 ± 2	0.0007	M 8.8 ± 1.9	M > 12.6; F > 11.5
				F 8.0 ± 1.7	11 (14)
RVESA index (cm2/m2)	6.7 ± 2	5.7 ± 2	0.0002	M 4.7 ± 1.3	M > 7.4; F > 6.4
				F 4.0 ± 1.2	6 (8)
RVFAC (%)	41.6 ± 11	46.2 ± 8	0.002	49 ± 7	<35
				<35	4 (5)
TAPSE (mm)	22 ± 4	22 ± 4	0.3	24 ± 3.5	<17
					4 (5)
Pulmonary acceleration time (ms)	93.0 ± 26	107.2 ± 27	0.0001	137 ± 24	<100 21 (26)
Pulmonary vascular resistance (dynes×s/cm5/m2)	381 ± 161	171 ± 136	P < 0.0001	255–285	>285 11 (13)

FAC, fractional area change; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion;LVEDD, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter LVESD, left ventricle end-systolic diameter; RVEDA, right ventricle end-diastolic area; RVESA, right ventricle end-systolic area; LA, left atrium