Table 4.
Univariable analyses of demographic, clinical, laboratory findings, thrombosis, haemorrhage, and treatment in patients with VITT after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination
| Variables | Survivors (n = 40) | Non-survivors (n = 23) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age | 46.00 (34.25, 61.00) | 37.50 (30.75, 52.50) | 0.241 |
| Age ≤60 years | 30/40 (75.0) | 23/23 (100.0) | 0.010 |
| Female sex | 26/36 (72.2) | 11/18 (61.1) | 0.536 |
| Time to presentationa | 10.00 (7.00, 14.00) | 10.00 (7.00, 10.25) | 0.309 |
| Clinical presentations | |||
| Systemic | 9/20 (45.0) | 6/10 (60.0) | 0.700 |
| Neurological | 16/20 (80.0) | 10/10 (100.0) | 0.272 |
| Bleeding | 1/20 (5.0) | 2/10 (20.0) | 0.251 |
| Gastrointestinal | 3/20 (15.0) | 4/10 (40.0) | 0.181 |
| Cardiopulmonary | 4/20 (20.0) | 0/10 (0.0) | 0.272 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Platelet count (cells/mm3) | 40 000 (26 000, 70 000) | 19 000 (13 750, 75 750) | 0.121 |
| Platelet <25 × 103/μL | 9/39 (23.1) | 13/22 (60.9) | 0.007 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 210.00 (120.00, 345.00) | 120.00 (80.00, 140.00) | 0.003 |
| Fibrinogen <150 mg/dL | 11/31 (35.5) | 15/19 (78.9) | 0.004 |
| D-dimer/upper limit of normal range | 45.80 (16.30, 70.40) | 70.00 (32.22, 79.05) | 0.143 |
| HIT ELISA (OD) | 1.44 (0.64, 2.63) | 2.26 (1.40, 3.13) | 0.103 |
| Platelet activation assay | 9/10 (90.0) | 9/10 (90.0) | 1.000 |
| Thrombosis and haemorrhage | |||
| Presence of thrombosis | 38/40 (95.0) | 22/23 (95.7) | 1.000 |
| More than 2 sites of thrombosis | 9/40 (22.5) | 2/23 (8.7) | 0.301 |
| Cerebral venous thrombosis | 19/40 (47.5) | 18/23 (78.3) | 0.020 |
| Presence of haemorrhage | 9/40 (22.5) | 12/23 (52.2) | 0.026 |
| Intracerebral haemorrhage | 4/40 (10.0) | 8/23 (34.8) | 0.022 |
| Treatment | |||
| Heparins | 17/23 (73.9) | 9/16 (56.3) | 0.312 |
| Steroids | 9/24 (37.5) | 4/16 (25.0) | 0.503 |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin | 13/24 (54.2) | 5/16 (31.3) | 0.203 |
| Platelet transfusion | 2/24 (8.3) | 6/16 (37.5) | 0.042 |
| Neurosurgery | 1/24 (4.2) | 7/16 (43.8) | 0.004 |
| Non-heparin anticoagulants | 13/24 (54.2) | 1/16 (6.3) | 0.002 |
| Direct thrombin inhibitor | 7/24 (29.2) | 0/16 (0.0) | 0.029 |
| FAPIC score | 2.00 (1.00, 3.00) | 4.00 (3.00, 4.00) | < 0.001 |
Values are give as median (interquartile range), or n/N (%).
HIT, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; OD, optical density; VITT, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia.
a
If time to admission after vaccination was not given, time to symptom onset after vaccination was used.