Table 3.

Influence of risk factors on all-cause mortality and progression into the next more advanced stage (complicated [CO]-phase) in COVID-19 patients in the uncomplicated (UC)-phase with procalcitonin levels ≤ 0.5 ng/ml (PCT↓)

n = 1045	All-cause mortality (death from any cause incl. COVID-19) n = 50	Progression into next more advanced stage (CO-phase) n = 287
Antibiotic treatment
Yes (n = 399, 38%)	25 (6% CI 4.1–9.1)	136 (34% CI 29.4–39.0)
No (n = 646, 62%)	25 (4% CI 2.5–5.7)	151 (23% CI 20.2–26.8)
p (p-mult)	0.10 (n.s.)	< 0.001 (< 0.001)
Gender
M (n = 565, 54%)	28 (5% CI 3.3–7.1)	158 (28% CI 24.3–31.9)
F (n = 480, 46%)	22 (5% CI 2.9–6.9)	129 (27% CI 23.0–31.1)
p (p-mult)	0.88 (n.s.)	0.73 (n.s.)
Age
18–55 (n = 412, 39%)	1 (0.2% CI 0.006–1.3)	70 (17% CI 13.5–21.0)
56–75 (n = 361, 35%)	15 (4% CI 2.3–6.8)	104 (29% CI 24.2–33.8)
> 75 (n = 272, 26%)	34 (13% CI 8.8–17.0)	113 (42% CI 35.6–47.7)
p (p-mult)	< 0.001 (< 0.001)	< 0.001 (< 0.001)
Charlson Comorbidity Index
0–2 (n = 851, 81%)	20 (2% CI 1.4–3.6)	213 (25% CI 22.2–28.1)
3–4 (n = 107, 10%)	17 (16% CI 9.5–24.2)	47 (44% CI 34.3–53.9)
> 4 (n = 87, 8%)	13 (15% CI 8.2–24.2)	27 (31% CI 21.5–41.9)
p (p-mult)	< 0.001 (< 0.001)	< 0.001 (n.s.)

m male, f female, age in years, p p value of the univariate analysis, p-mult p value for the multivariate logistic regression analysis with the multiple influence variables antibiotics, gender, age, CCI (after backward selection for p > 0.05), n.s. not significant in the multivariate analysis, CI 95% confidence interval